Sutra 2

Devanagari script

ये जनपदे शूरास्त्यक्तात्मानो हस्तिनं व्यालं वा द्रव्यहेतोः प्रतियोधयेयुस्ते तीक्ष्णाः ॥ कZ_०१.१२.०२ ॥

Transliteration

ye janapade śūrās tyaktātmāno hastinaṃ vyālaṃ vā dravyahetoḥ pratiyodhayeyus te tīkṣṇāḥ

Translation

Ceux qui, à la campagne, sont braves, téméraires au point de risquer leur vie, et combattraient un éléphant ou une bête sauvage pour de l’argent : de tels hommes sont des « tīkṣṇa » (agents durs et tranchants).

Word by Word

• ये: those who
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: sarvanāma; prathamā-vibhakti; bahuvacana; pumliṅga (janapadāḥ iti viśeṣya-anusāra)

• जनपदे: in the countryside/territory (of the realm)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनपद
• Form: saptamī-vibhakti; ekavacana; pumliṅga/napuṃsakaliṅga (usage varies); adhikaraṇa (locative)

• शूराः: brave men/valiant persons
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: शूर
• Form: prathamā-vibhakti; bahuvacana; pumliṅga; kartṛ (subject)

• त्यक्तात्मानः: self-abandoning; reckless (risking their own lives)
• Type: Adjective (participial)
• Root: त्यज् (kta) + आत्मन्
• Form: prathamā-vibhakti; bahuvacana; pumliṅga; kta-participle used adjectivally; viśeṣaṇa of śūrāḥ

• हस्तिनम्: an elephant
• Type: Noun
• Root: हस्तिन्
• Form: dvitīyā-vibhakti; ekavacana; pumliṅga; karma (object)

• व्यालम्: a wild beast
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्याल
• Form: dvitīyā-vibhakti; ekavacana; pumliṅga; karma (object)

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: avyaya; vikalpa (disjunction)

• द्रव्यहेतोः: for the sake of wealth; out of greed for money
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: द्रव्य + हेतु
• Form: pañcamī-vibhakti; ekavacana; pumliṅga (hetu); hetu/nimitta (cause/motive)

• प्रतियोधयेयुः: would/should fight against; would engage in combat with
• Type: Verb
• Root: युध् (prati + yudh)
• Form: liṅ (vidhi-liṅ/potential); parasmaipada; prathama-puruṣa; bahuvacana; ātmane/karmaṇi nuance not intended—active: 'should fight'

• ते: they; those (persons)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: prathamā-vibhakti; bahuvacana; pumliṅga; anuvāda (resumptive: 'those')

• तीक्ष्णाः: (they are) ruthless/harsh men; 'sharp' operatives
• Type: Noun/Adjective (technical class)
• Root: तीक्ष्ण
• Form: prathamā-vibhakti; bahuvacana; pumliṅga; predicate nominative; viśeṣaṇa used substantively

Entities Mentioned

• tīkṣṇa (hard operative)
• janapada (countryside)

More Details

FAQs

What is the administrative purpose of defining ‘tīkṣṇa’ men?

To match task to temperament: high-risk coercive missions require operatives with extreme risk tolerance and readiness for violence.