Sutra 8
Devanagari script
तेन श्रुतोपवादो वाग्जीवनानां कारुकुशीलवानां वृत्त्युपवादः प्राज्जूणकगान्धारादीनां च जनपदोपवादा व्याख्याताः ॥ कZ_०३.१८.०८ ॥
Transliteration
tena śrutopavādo vāgjīvanānāṃ kāru-kuśīlavānāṃ vṛttyupavādaḥ prājjūṇaka-gāndhārādīnām ca janapadopavādā vyākhyātāḥ
Translation
Selon la même règle sont expliquées : la diffamation fondée sur « ce qu’on a entendu » (rumeur/ouï-dire) ; la diffamation de ceux qui vivent de la parole ; la diffamation des artisans et des artistes au sujet de leur gagne-pain ; et la diffamation de régions/peuples tels que les Prājjūṇakas, les Gāndhāras et d’autres.
Word by Word
तेनby that; thereby
तेन:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formsarvanāma; tṛtīyā-vibhakti; ekavacana; napuṃsaka (instrumental: 'by/with that')
श्रुतोपवादःdefamation based on what is heard (hearsay-slander)
श्रुतोपवादः:
TypeNoun
Rootउपवाद
Formpuṃliṅga; prathamā-vibhakti; ekavacana; compound: श्रुतस्य उपवादः
वाक्speech; words
वाक्:
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
Formstrīliṅga; prathamā-vibhakti; ekavacana
जीवनानाम्of livelihoods; of those who live by (a profession)
जीवनानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootजीवन
Formnapuṃsaka; ṣaṣṭhī-vibhakti; bahuvacana
कारुof artisans
कारु:
TypeNoun
Rootकारु
Formpuṃliṅga; ṣaṣṭhī-vibhakti; bahuvacana (in coordination)
कुशीलवानाम्of actors/performers (kuśīlavas)
कुशीलवानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootकुशीलव
Formpuṃliṅga; ṣaṣṭhī-vibhakti; bahuvacana
वृत्त्युपवादःdefamation of livelihood (professional slander)
वृत्त्युपवादः:
TypeNoun
Rootउपवाद
Formpuṃliṅga; prathamā-vibhakti; ekavacana; compound: वृत्तेः/वृत्त्याः उपवादः
प्राज्जूणकगान्धारादीनाम्of the Prājjūṇakas, the Gāndhāras, and others (etc.)
प्राज्जूणकगान्धारादीनाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootप्राज्जूणक; गान्धार
Formṣaṣṭhī-vibhakti; bahuvacana; compound indicating a list: ‘of Prāj-jūṇakas, Gāndhāras, etc.’
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formavyaya; samuccaya
जनपदोपवादाःdefamations of a country/people
जनपदोपवादाः:
TypeNoun
Rootउपवाद
Formpuṃliṅga; prathamā-vibhakti; bahuvacana; compound: जनपदस्य उपवादाः
व्याख्याताःhave been explained/expounded
व्याख्याताः:
TypeVerb (PPP)
Rootवि-आ-ख्या
Formkṛdanta; bhūta-kṛdanta (kta/PPP); puṃliṅga; prathamā-vibhakti; bahuvacana; agrees with (उपवादाः)
Entities Mentioned
V
Vāgjīvin (speech-professionals)A
Artisans (kāru)P
Performers (kuśīlava)P
PrājjūṇakaG
GāndhāraFAQs
Because attacking a janapada’s reputation can inflame inter-group hostility, weaken loyalty, and disrupt taxation, trade, and military recruitment—core state interests.