Sutra 5

Devanagari script

विशिष्टेषु द्विगुणाः हीनेष्वर्धदण्डाः परस्त्रीषु द्विगुणाः प्रमादमदमोहादिभिरर्धदण्डाः ॥ कZ_०३.१८.०५ ॥

Transliteration

viśiṣṭeṣu dviguṇāḥ hīneṣv ardha-daṇḍāḥ parastrīṣu dviguṇāḥ pramādamadamohādibhir ardha-daṇḍāḥ

Translation

À l’encontre de personnes de rang supérieur, les amendes sont doublées ; à l’encontre d’inférieurs, des demi-amendes s’appliquent. Dans les affaires impliquant l’épouse d’un autre homme, les amendes sont doublées. Lorsque cela est dû à la négligence, à l’ivresse, à la confusion et autres, des demi-amendes s’appliquent.

Word by Word

• विशिष्टेषु: in special/aggravated cases
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: विशिष्ट
• Form: सप्तमी-बहुवचनम् (locative plural), पुं./नपुं.; ‘विशिष्ट’ (ppp. of √शिष्/शास् ‘to distinguish/discipline’) used as qualifier: ‘in special/qualified cases’

• द्विगुणाः: (are) doubled
• Type: Adjective/Predicate
• Root: द्वि + गुण
• Form: प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्, पुं.; ‘double, twofold’ (predicate to implied ‘दण्डाः’)

• हीनेषु: in lesser cases
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: हीन
• Form: सप्तमी-बहुवचनम् (locative plural), पुं./नपुं.; ‘in inferior/lesser cases’

• अर्धदण्डाः: half-penalties (half the fine)
• Type: Noun (technical)
• Root: अर्ध + दण्ड
• Form: प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्, पुं.; ‘half-penalties’ (predicate to implied ‘दण्डाः’)

• परस्त्रीषु: in cases involving another man’s woman (another’s wife)
• Type: Noun phrase (technical)
• Root: पर + स्त्री
• Form: सप्तमी-बहुवचनम् (locative plural), स्त्री.; ‘in the case of another man’s woman/wife’

• द्विगुणाः: (are) doubled
• Type: Adjective/Predicate
• Root: द्वि + गुण
• Form: प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्, पुं.; repetition for a new condition; predicate to implied ‘दण्डाः’

• प्रमादमदमोहादिभिः: due to negligence, intoxication, delusion, and the like
• Type: Noun (instrumental phrase)
• Root: प्रमाद + मद + मोह + आदि
• Form: तृतीया-बहुवचनम् (instrumental plural), पुं.; ‘by/owing to negligence, intoxication, delusion, etc.’

• अर्धदण्डाः: (are) half-penalties
• Type: Noun (technical)
• Root: अर्ध + दण्ड
• Form: प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्, पुं.; predicate to implied ‘दण्डाः’ under this condition

Entities Mentioned

• superiors/inferiors (status groups)
• married woman (parastrī)
• offender
• court

More Details

FAQs

What is the administrative logic behind doubling/halving fines?

It operationalizes deterrence and protection priorities: higher-status victims and marital households receive stronger protection; reduced culpability states can mitigate punishment to preserve proportionality.