तुलामानान्तरं हस्तपूरणमुत्करो व्याजी पर्युषितं प्रार्जितं चोपस्थानम् । इति ॥ कZ_०२.१५.११ ॥
tulā-mānāntaraṃ hastapūraṇam utkaro vyājī paryuṣitaṃ prārjitaṃ copasthānam | iti.
Les écarts de pesée/mesure, le «remplissage à la main» (ajout/retrait furtif par la main), l’entassement, l’adultération/le trafic frauduleux, le stock éventé et l’accumulation dissimulée sont (des formes d’)« upasthāna », c’est‑à‑dire des manipulations irrégulières à contrôler. Ainsi.
It functions as an inspection checklist: specific fraud modes are named so enforcement can be consistent and evidence-based.
Comparable to standard operating procedures for quality control, metrology compliance, and inventory audit red flags.