तथैव वृत्रं नमुचिं रक्षो लंकेश संज्ञकम् । जघान मायया विष्णुः सुरार्थं सुरसत्तमः
tathaiva vṛtraṃ namuciṃ rakṣo laṃkeśa saṃjñakam | jaghāna māyayā viṣṇuḥ surārthaṃ surasattamaḥ
«Así también Viṣṇu—el mejor entre los dioses—mediante su divina estratagema venció a Vṛtra, a Namuci y al Rākṣasa llamado Señor de Laṅkā, por el bien de los Devas.»
Bali (Daitya king)
Tirtha: Dvārakā
Type: kshetra
Listener: a brāhmaṇa (vipra)
Scene: A triptych-like recollection: Vṛtra and Namuci subdued by divine stratagem, and the Laṅkā-lord (Rāvaṇa) overcome—while Bali narrates, emphasizing Viṣṇu’s māyā as righteous strategy for the devas’ welfare.
The Lord preserves dharma through both might and divine strategy, protecting the cosmic order for the good of all.
Indirectly, Dvārakā is upheld as the realm of that same Viṣṇu who protects the devas and the world.
None; it is narrative praise (stuti through kathā) of Viṣṇu’s protective acts.