Rig Veda 5.55.1: Mandala 5, Sukta 55, Mantra 1

Sukta 5.55

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya tradition) (traditional ascription for Mandala 5 Atri hymns; specific verse-level attribution follows the sukta)

Devata: Maruts

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; refrain-like cadence appears through the sukta)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्रयज्यवो मरुतो भ्राजदृष्टयो बृहद्वयो दधिरे रुक्मवक्षसः । ईयन्ते अश्वैः सुयमेभिराशुभिः शुभं यातामनु रथा अवृत्सत ॥

Transliteration

práyajyavo maruto bhrā́jadṛṣṭayo bṛhádvayo dadhire rúkmavakṣasaḥ | ī́yante aśváīḥ suyámebhir āśúbhiḥ śúbhaṃ yātām ánu rathā́ avṛtsata ||

Translation

Los Maruts, dignos del sacrificio ofrecido por delante (prayajya), de lanzas fulgurantes, portadores de vasta potencia, de pecho dorado, avanzan con corceles veloces, bien uncidos. Que vuestros carros rueden siguiendo el sendero auspicioso — hacia el bien interior.

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Word by Word

• प्रयज्यवः: the worshipful / sacrifice-worthy (ones)
• प्रयज्यवः: Kartā (apposition to मरुतः)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: प्र-यज्य (प्रātipadika; from √यज् 'to worship/sacrifice' with preverb प्र)

• मरुतः: the Maruts
• मरुतः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: मरुत् (प्रātipadika)

• भ्राजदृष्टयः: having shining appearance / shining in aspect
• भ्राजदृष्टयः: Kartā (apposition to मरुतः)
• Type: Adjective (bahuvrīhi-like descriptive compound)
• Root: भ्राजत्-दृष्टि (कर्मधारय; from √भ्राज् 'to shine' + दृष्टि 'sight/appearance')

• बृहद्वयः: of great vigor
• बृहद्वयः: Kartā (apposition to मरुतः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बृहद्-वयस् (compound; बृहद् 'great' + वयस् 'vigor/strength')

• दधिरे: they have assumed / they have put on
• दधिरे: (finite verb of the clause)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √धा (धत्ते/दधाति) 'to place, put on, assume'

• रुक्मवक्षसः: golden-breasted / with golden ornaments on the chest
• रुक्मवक्षसः: Kartā (apposition to मरुतः)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: रुक्म-वक्षस् (बहुव्रीहि; रुक्म 'golden ornament' + वक्षस् 'breast/chest')

• ईयन्ते: they go / they speed
• ईयन्ते: (finite verb of the clause)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √इ (ईयते) 'to go, move'

• अश्वैः: with horses
• अश्वैः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व (प्रātipadika)

• सुयमेभिः: well-reined / well-controlled
• सुयमेभिः: Karaṇa (qualifying अश्वैः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-यम (प्रātipadika; सु 'well' + यम 'rein/control')

• आशुभिः: swift
• आशुभिः: Karaṇa (qualifying अश्वैः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आशु (प्रātipadika)

• शुभम्: beauty / splendor / auspicious good
• शुभम्: Karma (goal/desired good)
• Type: Noun (also adjectival in usage)
• Root: शुभ (प्रātipadika)

• याताम्: let (them/two) go / may (they/two) come
• याताम्: (injunctive/imperative: addressed to a pair; often taken as dual addressees such as divine pair or the team)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √या 'to go'

• अनु: along / after
• अनु: (upasarga/adverbial: 'along, after')
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनु (indeclinable preverb/postposition)

• रथाः: the chariots
• रथाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रātipadika)

• अवृत्सत: they rolled/turned (on) / they set forth
• अवृत्सत: (finite verb of the clause)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृत् (वर्तते/वर्तति) 'to turn, roll, move; to set in motion'