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Rig Veda 5.41.13: Mandala 5, Sukta 41, Mantra 13

Sukta 5.41

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya)
Devata: The ‘great ones’ (mahāntaḥ) — collective divine powers previously invoked; implicit moral-cosmic governance
Chandas: Trishtubh (probable)

विदा चिन्नु महान्तो ये व एवा ब्रवाम दस्मा वार्यं दधानाः । वयश्चन सुभ्व आव यन्ति क्षुभा मर्तमनुयतं वधस्नैः ॥

vidā́ cit nu mahā́nto yé va evā́ bravāma dasmā́ vā́ryaṃ dádhānāḥ | váyaś caná su-bhvá ā́va yanti kṣubhā́ mártam anuyatáṃ vadhasnáiḥ ||

En verdad lo saben los Grandes: esos mismos vuestros de quienes hablamos, obradores de maravillas que portan la preciosa plenitud. Aun las aves del buen devenir descienden; pero las fuerzas del temblor persiguen al mortal que sigue el camino errado, con sus potencias de golpe.

विदाhe knows / he has found
विदा:
(मुख्य क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (√विद् ‘जानना/पाना’)
चित्indeed, even
चित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचित् (अव्यय) (< PIE *kʷid ‘indeed’)
नुnow, indeed
नु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु (अव्यय)
महान्तःthe great (ones)
महान्तः:
कर्तृ (विदा इत्यस्य)
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत् (प्रातिपदिक)
येwho
ये:
कर्तृ (महान्तः इत्यस्य विशेषण/सम्बन्ध)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
वःto you / of you
वः:
सम्प्रदान/सम्बन्ध (ब्रवामि इत्यस्य)
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम)
एवjust, indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
ब्रवामwe speak / we say
ब्रवाम:
(मुख्य क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू (√ब्रू ‘कथयति/वदति’)
दस्माःthe wondrous (ones)
दस्माः:
सम्बोधन/कर्तृ (यन्ति इत्यस्य; ‘the wondrous ones’)
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootदस्म (प्रातिपदिक; ‘अद्भुत/दक्ष’)
वार्यम्a choice boon / excellent gift
वार्यम्:
कर्म (दधानाः इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootवार्य (प्रातिपदिक < वर्/वृ ‘choose, excellent’)
दधानाःbearing, holding
दधानाः:
कर्तृ (यन्ति इत्यस्य; ‘bearing’)
TypeVerb (participle)
Rootधा (√धा ‘धारयति/दधाति’)
वयःvigor / vital power
वयः:
कर्तृ (यन्ति इत्यस्य; ‘vigor/strength’ as subject)
TypeNoun
Rootवयस् (प्रातिपदिक)
चनalso, even
चन:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचन (अव्यय; = च + न/नु, emphatic)
सुभ्वेto/into well-being, auspiciousness
सुभ्वे:
अधिकरण/सम्प्रदान (यन्ति इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootसुभ्व (प्रातिपदिक; ‘सु-भ्व’ = ‘well-being/auspicious state’)
towards, hither
:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
यन्तिthey go / they come
यन्ति:
(मुख्य क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootया (√या ‘गच्छति’)
क्षुभाwith agitation, with shaking
क्षुभा:
करण (अनुयतं इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun (instrumental) / verbal noun
Rootक्षुभ् (√क्षुभ् ‘क्षोभयति/उद्वेजयति’)
मर्तम्the mortal
मर्तम्:
कर्म (अनुयतं इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootमर्त (प्रातिपदिक)
अनुयतम्pursued, followed
अनुयतम्:
विशेषण (मर्तम्) / कर्म-सम्बन्ध
TypeVerb (participle)
Rootयत् (√यत् ‘प्रयत्न/नियमन’; with अनु- ‘follow/pursue’)
वधस्नैःwith weapons / with slaying means
वधस्नैः:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootवधस्नि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘weapon/means of slaying’, from √वध् ‘to strike/kill’)

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