Rig Veda 4.38.10: Mandala 4, Sukta 38, Mantra 10

Sukta 4.38

Rishi: Dadhikrāvan (hymnic subject) / Maṇḍala 4 collection

Devata: Dadhikrā (victorious steed) with solar imagery as supporting comparison

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

आ दधिक्राः शवसा पञ्च कृष्टीः सूर्य इव ज्योतिषापस्ततान । सहस्रसाः शतसा वाज्यर्वा पृणक्तु मध्वा समिमा वचांसि ॥

Transliteration

ā́ dadhikrā́ḥ śávasā páñca kṛṣṭī́ḥ sū́rya iva jyótiṣā́paḥ tatāna | sahasrasā́ḥ śatasā́ vājī́ árvā pṛṇáktu mádhvā sám imā́ vácāṃsi ||

Translation

Que Dadhikrā, con su fuerza, despliegue a los cinco pueblos, como el Sol, con su luz, extiende las aguas. Que el corcel vencedor, que gana por miles y por cientos, colme estas nuestras palabras de miel, de dulce deleite.

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Word by Word

• आ: towards; forth (preverb)
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (upasarga) / ā (avyaya)

• दधिक्राः: Dadhikrā (the divine steed)
• दधिक्राः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (proper/name)
• Root: दधिक्रावन् (prātipadika)

• शवसा: with might, by strength
• शवसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: शवस् (prātipadika)

• पञ्च: five
• पञ्च: —
• Type: Numeral
• Root: पञ्चन् (numeral stem)

• कृष्टीः: peoples; tribes
• कृष्टीः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृष्टि (prātipadika)

• सूर्यः: the Sun
• सूर्यः: Kartā (of implied comparison)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य (prātipadika)

• इव: like, as
• इव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (avyaya)

• ज्योतिषा: with light, by radiance
• ज्योतिषा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्योतिस् (prātipadika)

• अपस्ततान: has stretched out; has spread
• अपस्ततान: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: तन् (धातु) with preverb अप-

• सहस्रसाः: winning a thousand; thousand-fold victorious
• सहस्रसाः: Kartā (as qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सहस्रस (prātipadika; ‘having a thousand [gains/strengths]’)

• शतसाः: winning a hundred; hundred-fold victorious
• शतसाः: Kartā (as qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शतस (prātipadika; ‘having a hundred [gains/strengths]’)

• वाज्यर्वा: the prize-winning steed (horse)
• वाज्यर्वा: Kartā
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: वाजिन् (prātipadika) + अर्वन् (prātipadika)

• पृणक्तु: let (him) fill; may (he) satisfy
• पृणक्तु: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: पॄ (धातु)

• मध्वा: with sweetness; with honey (mead)
• मध्वा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: मधु (prātipadika)

• सम्: together; completely (preverb)
• सम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम् (upasarga)

• इमा: these
• इमा: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (pronoun stem)

• वचांसि: words; utterances
• वचांसि: Karma (apposition to इमा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचस् (prātipadika)