Rig Veda 10.91.1: Mandala 10, Sukta 91, Mantra 1

Sukta 10.91

Rishi: Traditionally attributed to Agni-related seers in RV 10.91 (exact rishi varies by Anukramaṇī; commonly: Aruṇa Vaitahavya or similar late-maṇḍala attributions—requires śākhā-specific confirmation)

Devata: Agni

Chandas: Jagatī (likely for RV 10.91.1 given line length; meter should be confirmed by syllable count in the received text)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

सं जागृवद्भिर्जरमाण इध्यते दमे दमूना इषयन्निळस्पदे । विश्वस्य होता हविषो वरेण्यो विभुर्विभावा सुषखा सखीयते ॥

Transliteration

sáṃ jāgṛvád-bhir járamāṇa idhyate dáme damū́nā iṣáyann iḷás-páde | víśvasya hótā havíṣo váreṇyo vibhúr vibhā́vā su-sákhā sakhīyáte ||

Translation

Con los vigilantes se enciende, envejeciendo y creciendo, en la casa, oh señor del hogar; impulsa el ímpetu en el asiento de Iḷā. Hotar de toda existencia, elegido para la oblación, vasto y resplandeciente: el buen amigo se hace amigo.

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Word by Word

• सम्: together, completely
• सम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम् (upasarga)

• जागृवद्भिः: with the wakeful (ones)
• जागृवद्भिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective (participle)
• Root: जागृवत् (√जागृ ‘to be awake’)

• जरमाणः: aging, growing old
• जरमाणः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (participle)
• Root: जरमाण (√जॄ/जर् ‘to grow old, waste away’)

• इध्यते: is kindled, blazes
• इध्यते: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √इध् ‘to kindle, blaze’

• दमे: in the house
• दमे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: दम (n.) ‘house, home’

• दमूनाḥ: the house-dwelling (one)
• दमूनाḥ: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दमून (adj.) ‘house-friend/house-dweller’

• इषयन्: impelling, urging on
• इषयन्: Kartā
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √इष् ‘to impel, set in motion, seek’

• इळस्: of Iḷā (refreshment/libation)
• इळस्: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: इळा/इळ (f.) ‘refreshment; libation; prayer’

• पदे: in the place
• पदे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: पद (n.) ‘place, step’

• विश्वस्य: of all, of the whole
• विश्वस्य: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: विश्व (adj./pron.) ‘all’

• होता: the Hotar (invoking priest)
• होता: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: होतृ (m.) ‘hotar-priest’

• हविषः: of the oblation
• हविषः: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: हविस् (n.) ‘oblation’

• वरेण्यः: choice-worthy, excellent
• वरेण्यः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वरेण्य (adj.) ‘to be chosen, excellent’ (< √वृ ‘to choose’)

• विभुः: mighty, pervasive
• विभुः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विभु (adj.) ‘all-pervading, mighty’

• विभावा: widely radiant
• विभावा: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विभावन्/विभाव (adj.) ‘widely shining, of wide radiance’

• सुषखा: a good friend
• सुषखा: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: सु- + सखि (m.) ‘good friend’

• सखीयते: makes friendship / is befriended
• सखीयते: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सख्य ‘to befriend, be in friendship’