Rig Veda 1.116.18 — Mandala 1, Sukta 116, Mantra 18

Sukta 1.116

Rishi: Dīrghatamas Āucathya (traditional attribution)

Devata: Aśvinau (Nāsatyā)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यदयातं दिवोदासाय वर्तिर्भरद्वाजायाश्विना हयन्ता । रेवदुवाह सचनो रथो वां वृषभश्च शिंशुमारश्च युक्ता ॥

Transliteration

yád ayā́taṁ divodā́sāya vartír bharádvājāyāśvinā háyantā | revád uvāha sacanó rátho vām vṛṣabháś ca śiṁśumā́raś ca yuktā́ ||

Translation

Cuando vinisteis, oh Aśvins, veloces en el conducir, hacia Divodāsa y hacia Bharadvāja, abriendo el sendero, vuestro carro —que avanza en compañerismo— llevó rica prosperidad; a él estaban uncidas la Fuerza-Toro y el Poder-Delfín, energías de pujanza y de seguro tránsito por las aguas del devenir.

Word by Word

• यत्: when/that which
• यत्: Adhikaraṇa (सम्बन्ध/हेतु-प्रस्तावक: ‘यत्…’)
• Type: Indeclinable (relative pronoun used as conjunction)
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• अयातम्: you two did not go / you two went not
• अयातम्: Kriyā (मुख्य क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (धातु) + उपसर्ग अ- (निषेध/विपरीतार्थ) → अ-या

• दिवोदासाय: to Divodāsa
• दिवोदासाय: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun (proper name)
• Root: दिवोदास (प्रा.)

• वर्तिः: a track/course (path)
• वर्तिः: Kartā (वाक्यांश-स्तर पर: ‘वर्तिः …’ = ‘the course/track…’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ति (प्रा.; ‘मार्ग/वृत्ति/वर्तन’)

• भरद्वाजाय: to Bharadvāja
• भरद्वाजाय: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun (proper name)
• Root: भरद्वाज (प्रा.)

• अश्विना: O Aśvins (you two)
• अश्विना: Sambodhana (address)
• Type: Noun (dual deity name)
• Root: अश्विन् (प्रा.)

• हयन्ता: O swift ones
• हयन्ता: Sambodhana
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: हयन्त (प्रा.; ‘swift/impetuous’, from √हय/हय् ‘to hasten’ in Vedic usage)

• रेवत्: splendid, rich
• रेवत्: Karaṇa/Viśeṣaṇa (qualifier: ‘splendidly/with wealth’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रेवत् (प्रा.; ‘wealthy, splendid’)

• उवाह: carried/bore
• उवाह: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: वह् (धातु) + उपसर्ग उ-

• सचनः: a companion/associate
• सचनः: Kartā (उवाह का कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सचन (प्रा.; ‘companion, associate’; from √सच् ‘to accompany/attach’)

• रथः: chariot
• रथः: Kartā (समनाधिकरण: सचनः रथः = ‘the companion—(namely) the chariot’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रा.)

• वाम्: of you two
• वाम्: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (sarvanāma)

• वृषभः: bull
• वृषभः: Kartā (युक्ता/उवाह-सम्बद्ध सूची में)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषभ (प्रा.)

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (avyaya)

• शिंशुमारः: śiṃśumāra (dolphin/porpoise; aquatic creature)
• शिंशुमारः: Kartā (युक्ता/उवाह-सम्बद्ध सूची में)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिंशुमार (प्रा.)

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (avyaya)

• युक्ता: yoked, harnessed
• युक्ता: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa / Predicative (state: ‘were yoked’)
• Type: Participle (past passive participle)
• Root: युज् (धातु) → युक्त (कृदन्त)