Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 79, Shloka 3

भरतस्य राज्यत्यागः तथा रामानयनप्रतिज्ञा

Bharata Rejects Kingship and Vows to Bring Rama Back

Devanagari script

त्वमद्य भव नो राजा राजपुत्र महायशः।सङ्गत्या नापराध्नोति राज्यमेतदनायकम्।।2.79.3।।

Transliteration

tvam adya bhava no rājā rājaputra mahāyaśaḥ | saṅgatyā nāparādhnoti rājyam etad anāyakam ||2.79.3||

Translation

Sé hoy nuestro rey, oh príncipe de gran gloria; este reino, falto de guía, aún no ha caído en desorden por funestas compañías.

Word by Word

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; pronoun

• अद्य: today/now
• अद्य: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: adya (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक (temporal adverb)

• भव: become
• भव: Kriyā (आज्ञार्थक क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhū (धातु; भू सत्तायाम्)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), परस्मैपद, मध्यमपुरुष (2nd), एकवचन

• नः: our
• नः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन; ‘our’

• राजा: king
• राजा: Karma/Predicate (कर्मसंज्ञक-विशेष्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; predicate complement of त्वम्

• राज: king
• राज: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; in compound

• पुत्र: O prince
• पुत्र: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: putra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन; address

• महायशः: O illustrious one
• महायशः: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā-yaśas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय (महā + यशस्); पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन

• सङ्गत्या: by association
• सङ्गत्या: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṅgati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन; instrumental ‘by association’

• न: not
• न: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक अव्यय (negation)

• अपराध्नोति: commits an offence
• अपराध्नोति: Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: apa-√rādh (धातु; राध् हिंसायाम्/अपराधे)
• Form: लट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

• राज्यम्: the kingdom
• राज्यम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; subject of अपराध्नोति

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: etad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; demonstrative qualifying राज्यम्

• अनायकम्: leaderless
• अनायकम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: an-āyaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; qualifying राज्यम्

Context

May Lakshmi, goddess of prosperity, abide in you for having expressed your desire to bestow the kingdom upon the king's eldest son.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Ayodhyā (implied by context)
• Rājya (kingdom)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The duty of governance: a kingdom should not remain leaderless, because social order (dharma in society) depends on rightful protection and administration.

What is the narrative situation?

The people urge Bharata to accept kingship immediately to prevent instability after Daśaratha’s death and Rāma’s exile.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Public responsibility: the verse stresses prompt assumption of duty to safeguard the community from moral and political drift.