Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 58, Shloka 33

अष्टपञ्चाशः सर्गः (Sarga 58)

Daśaratha Questions Sumantra; Messages from the Forest Threshold

Devanagari script

सर्वप्रजाभिरामं हि रामं प्रव्राज्य धार्मिकम्।सर्वलोकं विरुध्येमं कथं राजा भविष्यसि।।।।

Transliteration

sarvaprajābhirāmaṃ hi rāmaṃ pravrājya dhārmikam |

sarvalokaṃ virudhyemaṃ kathaṃ rājā bhaviṣyasi ||

Translation

Habiendo desterrado al justo Rama, deleite de todos los súbditos, y poniéndote así en contra del mundo entero, ¿cómo podrás aún ser rey?

Word by Word

• sarvaprajābhirāmam: delight of all subjects
• sarvaprajābhirāmam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक) + prajā (प्रातिपदिक) + abhirāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः: sarvāṇāṃ prajānāṃ abhirāmaḥ = 'delightful to all subjects'

• hi: indeed
• hi: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle: indeed/for)

• rāmam: Rama
• rāmam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• pravrājya: having banished
• pravrājya: Pūrvakriyā (पूर्वक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vraj (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund) with causative sense: 'having banished'

• dhārmikam: righteous
• dhārmikam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dhārmika (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; qualifies rāmam

• sarvalokam: the whole world
• sarvalokam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarvaloka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; sarvaḥ lokaḥ

• virudhya: having antagonized
• virudhya: Pūrvakriyā (पूर्वक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi+rudh (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund): 'having opposed/antagonized'

• imam: this (one)
• imam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, द्वितीया, एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग; refers to the king addressed

• katham: how
• katham: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: katham (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रश्न-अव्यय

• rājā: king
• rājā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• bhaviṣyasi: will you be/become
• bhaviṣyasi: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (Simple Future), परस्मैपदम्, मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन

Context

When she saw me leaving, she looked at her husband with a dry (pale) face and suddenly burst into tears.

Characters & Entities

• Dasharatha
• Rama
• Lakshmana
• Praja (subjects)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Rājadharma: kingship is not mere power but moral alignment with dharma and the people’s welfare; violating it voids true sovereignty.

What is the narrative situation?

A moral challenge is posed to the king: exile of Rama risks total loss of popular and ethical legitimacy.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rama’s righteousness and popularity; Lakshmana’s insistence on ethical governance.