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Valmiki Ramayana 2.21.53Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 21, Shloka 53

अयोध्याकाण्डे एकविंशः सर्गः

Lakṣmaṇa’s militant counsel and Rāma’s dharma-based persuasion of Kausalyā

नरैरिवोल्काभिरपोह्यमानोमहागजोऽध्वानमनुप्रविष्टः।भूयः प्रजज्वाल विलापमेवं निशम्य रामः करुणं जनन्याः।।2.21.53।।

narair ivolkābhir apohyamāno

mahāgajo 'dhvānam anupraviṣṭaḥ |

bhūyaḥ prajajvāla vilāpam evaṃ

niśamya rāmaḥ karuṇaṃ jananyāḥ || 2.21.53 ||

Al oír de este modo el lastimoso lamento de su madre, Rama ardió aún más por dentro, como un gran elefante al que los hombres, blandiendo antorchas encendidas, apartan del camino.

नरैःby men
नरैः:
करण (Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootनर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, तृतीया-विभक्तिः (करणे), बहुवचनम्; English: masculine, instrumental case, plural
इवlike, as
इव:
सम्बन्ध/उपमा (Comparative marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
Formउपमा-अव्ययम्; English: indeclinable particle of comparison ('like/as')
उल्काभिःby firebrands/meteors (burning brands)
उल्काभिः:
करण (Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootउल्का (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गः, तृतीया-विभक्तिः (करणे), बहुवचनम्; English: feminine, instrumental case, plural
अपोह्यमानःbeing driven back/prevented
अपोह्यमानः:
कर्म (Patient; describing the subject as being repelled/prevented)
TypeAdjective
Rootअप-√ऊह्/ऊह (धातु) → अपोह्य (कृदन्त-प्रत्यय) + मान (शानच्)
Formवर्तमानकाले कर्मणि-प्रयोगे शानच्-प्रत्ययान्तः (present passive participle); पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; English: present passive participle, masculine nominative singular
महागजःa mighty elephant
महागजः:
कर्ता (Agent; subject of the simile)
TypeNoun
Rootमहान् (प्रातिपदिक) + गज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समासः (महान् गजः); पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; English: karmadharaya compound, masculine nominative singular
अध्वानम्the path/way
अध्वानम्:
कर्म (Object)
TypeNoun
Rootअध्वन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; English: masculine, accusative case, singular
अनुप्रविष्टःhaving entered, gone along
अनुप्रविष्टः:
कर्ता (Agent; 'having entered' describing the subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootअनु-√विश् (धातु) → प्रविष्ट (क्त) + अनु- (उपसर्ग)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्तः भूतकर्मणि/भूतकृत् (past passive participle); पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; English: past participle, masculine nominative singular
भूयःagain, still more
भूयः:
क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial modifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभूयस् (अव्यय/तुलनार्थ-प्रयोग)
Formक्रियाविशेषण-अव्ययम्; English: indeclinable adverb ('again, still more')
प्रजज्वालblazed, burned intensely
प्रजज्वाल:
क्रिया (Main action)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-√ज्वल् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकारः (परस्मैपदम्), प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्; English: perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active
विलापम्lamentation, wailing
विलापम्:
कर्म (Object; what was heard)
TypeNoun
Rootविलाप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; English: masculine, accusative case, singular
एवम्thus, in this way
एवम्:
क्रियाविशेषण (Manner)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम् (अव्यय)
Formप्रकारवाचक-अव्ययम्; English: indeclinable adverb ('thus, in this way')
निशम्यhaving heard
निशम्य:
पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (Prior action; adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनि-√शम् (धातु) → निशम्य (ल्यप्/क्त्वा-प्रत्यय)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्ययम् (ल्यप्/क्त्वा); English: gerund/absolutive ('having heard')
रामःRama
रामः:
कर्ता (Agent; subject of प्रजज्वाल)
TypeNoun
Rootराम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; English: masculine, nominative case, singular
करुणम्pitiful, sorrowful
करुणम्:
कर्म-विशेषण (Qualifier of the object)
TypeAdjective
Rootकरुण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गः, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; English: neuter, accusative case, singular; विशेषणम् (विलापम् इति विशेष्यस्य)
जनन्याःof (his) mother
जनन्याः:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootजननी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गः, षष्ठी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; English: feminine, genitive case, singular

At the (inconsolable) lamentations of his mother, Rama was in flames (within) like a mighty elephant prevented from entering the highway by men with fire-works.

R
Rama
K
Kausalya

FAQs

Dharma often requires enduring inner anguish without abandoning the righteous path; the verse depicts that tension rather than denying it.

As Kausalya laments, the narrator describes Rama’s intensified inner pain through a vivid simile.

Compassion restrained by duty—Rama feels deeply yet remains committed to the dharmic decision.

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