Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 20, Shloka 10

अयोध्याकाण्डे विंशः सर्गः

Rama Enters Kauśalyā’s Antaḥpura; Ritual Preparations and the Shock of Exile

Devanagari script

दृष्ट्वैव तु तदा रामं ते सर्वे सहसोत्थिताः।जयेन जयतां श्रेष्ठं वर्धयन्ति स्म राघवम्।।।।

Transliteration

dṛṣṭvaiva tu tadā rāmaṃ te sarve sahasotthitāḥ | jayena jayatāṃ śreṣṭhaṃ vardhayanti sma rāghavam || 2.20.10 ||

Translation

Entonces, apenas vieron a Rāma, todos se levantaron de inmediato y ensalzaron a Rāghava—el mejor de los vencedores—con gritos de «¡Victoria!».

Word by Word

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: पूर्वकाल (Pūrvakāla/Anterior action)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund) from √दृश्; अव्ययवत् प्रयोग (indeclinable)

• एव: indeed, just
• एव: निपात (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारण (emphatic particle)

• तु: but, however
• तु: निपात (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; विरोध/अन्वय (contrastive particle)

• तदा: then
• तदा: कालाधिकरण (Temporal location)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of time)

• रामम्: Rama
• रामम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• ते: they
• ते: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण (te)

• सहसा: suddenly, immediately
• सहसा: रीति/प्रकार (Manner)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सहसा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• उत्थिताः: stood up
• उत्थिताः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उत्-स्था (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past participle) from √स्था with उत्; पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; कर्तरि प्रयोग (stood up)

• जयेन: with victory (cries of victory)
• जयेन: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• जयताम्: of victors, of those who win
• जयताम्: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive relation)
• Type: Verb
• Root: जि (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त (present participle) from √जि; षष्ठी (Genitive), बहुवचन; 'of those who conquer'

• श्रेष्ठम्: the best
• श्रेष्ठम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रेष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (rāghavam)

• वर्धयन्ति: they praise/augment, they hail
• वर्धयन्ति: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृध् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present); परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन

• स्म: (indeed; used to mark past narration)
• स्म: निपात (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्म (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; भूतार्थे लट्-सहायक (past narrative particle with present)

• राघवम्: Raghava (Rama)
• राघवम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राघव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

Context

On seeing Rama, all the eminent among the victors got up immediately and greeted him, saying, 'Victory to you'.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Social dharma of honoring virtue and rightful leadership is shown through immediate respectful reception and public blessing for the righteous prince.

What is the narrative situation?

As Rāma proceeds through the palace, dignitaries/attendants rise instantly on seeing him and greet him with victory acclamations.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s recognized excellence and worthiness (śreṣṭhatva), reflected by others’ spontaneous reverence.