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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 1

Saṃsāra-duḥkha: Karmic Descent, Garbhavāsa, Life’s Anxieties, Death, and the Call to Jñāna-Bhakti

सनक उवाच । एवं कर्मपाशनियंत्रितजंततवः स्वर्गादिपुण्यस्थानेषु पुण्यभोगमनुभूय यातीव दुःखतरं पापफलमनुभूय प्रक्षीणकर्मा वशेषेणामुं लोकमागत्य सर्वभयविह्वलेषु मृत्युबाधासंयुतेषुस्थावरादिषु जायते । वृक्षगुल्मलतावल्लीगिरयश्च तृणानि च । स्थावरा इति विख्याता महामोहसमावृताः ॥ १ ॥

sanaka uvāca | evaṃ karmapāśaniyaṃtritajaṃtatavaḥ svargādipuṇyasthāneṣu puṇyabhogamanubhūya yātīva duḥkhataraṃ pāpaphalamanubhūya prakṣīṇakarmā vaśeṣeṇāmuṃ lokamāgatya sarvabhayavihvaleṣu mṛtyubādhāsaṃyuteṣusthāvarādiṣu jāyate | vṛkṣagulmalatāvallīgirayaśca tṛṇāni ca | sthāvarā iti vikhyātā mahāmohasamāvṛtāḥ || 1 ||

Sanaka dijo: Así, los seres, sujetos y conducidos por el lazo del karma, gozan primero del mérito en el cielo y en otros ámbitos de virtud; luego padecen el fruto del pecado, mucho más doloroso. Cuando su karma se agota, regresan a este mundo y nacen entre las existencias inmóviles—aturdidos por todo temor y oprimidos por las ataduras de la muerte. Árboles, arbustos, enredaderas, montañas y hierbas son llamados “inmóviles”, cubiertos por la gran ilusión.

sanakaḥSanaka
sanakaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsanaka (सनक प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (वच् धातु)
FormLiṭ (लिट्, perfect), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular
evamthus
evam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootevam (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)
karma-pāśa-niyaṃtrita-jantavaḥcreatures restrained by the bondage of karma
karma-pāśa-niyaṃtrita-jantavaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkarma (कर्मन्) + pāśa (पाश) + niyaṃtrita (नियंत्रित, क्त) + jantu (जन्तु)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) multi-member; Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; head: jantavaḥ
svarga-ādi-puṇya-sthāneṣuin heaven and other meritorious places
svarga-ādi-puṇya-sthāneṣu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsvarga (स्वर्ग) + ādi (आदि) + puṇya (पुण्य) + sthāna (स्थान)
FormTatpuruṣa compound; Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural
puṇya-bhogamenjoyment of merit
puṇya-bhogam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpuṇya (पुण्य) + bhoga (भोग)
FormTatpuruṣa compound; Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular
anubhūyahaving experienced
anubhūya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootanu+bhū (अनु+भू धातु)
FormKṛdanta, absolutive/gerund (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), indeclinable (अव्ययभाव)
yātigoes
yāti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootyā (या धातु)
FormLaṭ (present), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular
ivaas if
iva:
Upamā (उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, particle of comparison (उपमा-निपात)
duḥkha-tarammore painful
duḥkha-taram:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootduḥkha (दुःख) + tara (तर प्रत्यय)
FormComparative adjective (तर), Neuter, Accusative (2nd), Singular; qualifying pāpaphalam
pāpa-phalamfruit of sin
pāpa-phalam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpāpa (पाप) + phala (फल)
FormTatpuruṣa compound; Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular
anubhūyahaving experienced
anubhūya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootanu+bhū (अनु+भू धातु)
FormKṛdanta, absolutive/gerund (ल्यप्), indeclinable
prakṣīṇa-karmāone whose karma is exhausted
prakṣīṇa-karmā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpra+kṣī (प्र+क्षी धातु) + karman (कर्मन्)
FormBahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) compound; Kṛdanta PPP prakṣīṇa (क्त) + karmā; Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; qualifying implied jantuḥ
vaśeṣeṇaby the remaining (karma)/especially
vaśeṣeṇa:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvaśeṣa (वशेष/विशेष प्रातिपदिक; reading vaśeṣeṇa)
FormInstrumental used adverbially (तृतीया-अव्ययीभाव), Singular; ‘by remainder/especially’
amumthat (world)
amum:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootadas (अदस् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular
lokamworld
lokam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootloka (लोक प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular
āgatyahaving come
āgatya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootā+gam (आ+गम् धातु)
FormKṛdanta, absolutive (ल्यप्), indeclinable
sarva-bhaya-vihvaleṣuin (states) distressed by all fears
sarva-bhaya-vihvaleṣu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsarva (सर्व) + bhaya (भय) + vihvala (विह्वल)
FormTatpuruṣa compound; Masculine/Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural; qualifying sthāvarādiṣu
mṛtyu-bādhā-saṃyuteṣuin (states) joined with the affliction of death
mṛtyu-bādhā-saṃyuteṣu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmṛtyu (मृत्यु) + bādhā (बाधा) + saṃyuta (संयुत, क्त)
FormTatpuruṣa compound; Locative (7th), Plural; qualifying sthāvarādiṣu
sthāvara-ādiṣuamong immobile beings etc.
sthāvara-ādiṣu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsthāvara (स्थावर) + ādi (आदि)
FormTatpuruṣa compound; Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural
jāyateis born
jāyate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootjan (जन् धातु)
FormLaṭ (present), Ātmanepada, 3rd person, Singular
vṛkṣa-gulma-latā-vallī-girayaḥtrees, shrubs, creepers, vines, and mountains
vṛkṣa-gulma-latā-vallī-girayaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) / enumeration
TypeNoun
Rootvṛkṣa (वृक्ष) + gulma (गुल्म) + latā (लता) + vallī (वल्ली) + giri (गिरि)
FormDvandva (द्वन्द्व) list-compound; Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चय)
tṛṇānigrasses
tṛṇāni:
Karta (कर्ता) / enumeration
TypeNoun
Roottṛṇa (तृण प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चय)
sthāvarāḥimmobile beings
sthāvarāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsthāvara (स्थावर प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural
itithus/as
iti:
Prakāra/Quotation marker (इति)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, quotative particle (इति-निपात)
vikhyātāḥare known/called
vikhyātāḥ:
Vidheyaviśeṣaṇa (विधेयविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvi+khyā (वि+ख्या धातु) + kta (क्त)
FormKṛdanta PPP (क्त), Masculine, Nominative (1st), Plural; predicative of sthāvarāḥ
mahā-moha-samāvṛtāḥcovered by great delusion
mahā-moha-samāvṛtāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahā (महा) + moha (मोह) + samāvṛta (समावृत, क्त)
FormTatpuruṣa compound; Masculine, Nominative (1st), Plural; qualifying sthāvarāḥ

Sanaka

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: karuna (compassion)

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka (fear)

S
Sanaka

FAQs

It frames saṁsāra as a karma-driven cycle: merit yields temporary heavenly enjoyment, sin yields intense suffering, and once those results are spent the jīva returns to embodied existence—sometimes even as “sthāvara” (immobile life), indicating deep obscuration by mahāmoha (great delusion).

While bhakti is not named here, the verse sets the problem bhakti solves: bondage to karmapāśa and repeated births. In Narada Purana’s broader teaching, devotion to Viṣṇu is presented as a liberating discipline that transcends mere karmic reward (svarga) and aims at freedom from the cycle itself.

No specific Vedāṅga (like Vyākaraṇa or Jyotiṣa) is taught in this verse; the practical takeaway is ethical and dharmic: actions (karma) have precise results (phala), so one should regulate conduct and adopt purifying disciplines to avoid downward rebirth.