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Shloka 63

सावित्री-यमसंवादः

Sāvitrī’s Dialogue with Yama and the Restoration of Satyavān

दारुणो होष दुष्टात्मा क्षुद्रकर्मा निशाचर: । स्वभावाच्छीलदोषेण सर्वेषां भयवर्धन:,“यह दारुण दुष्टात्मा तथा क्षुद्रकर्म करनेवाला निशाचर अपने स्वभाव और शीलदोषसे सब लोगोंका भय बढ़ा रहा है

dāruṇo hoṣa duṣṭātmā kṣudrakarmā niśācaraḥ | svabhāvāc chīladoṣeṇa sarveṣāṁ bhayavardhanaḥ ||

Dijo Mārkaṇḍeya: «Este ser que vaga en la noche —cruel, de espíritu ruin y de obras mezquinas— por su propia naturaleza y por la falla de su carácter, no hace sino acrecentar el temor de todos».

दारुणःcruel, dreadful
दारुणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदारुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
होषःHosha (proper name)
होषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहोष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दुष्टात्माevil-souled
दुष्टात्मा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदुष्टात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षुद्रकर्माof petty/base deeds
क्षुद्रकर्मा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षुद्रकर्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
निशाचरःnight-roamer; demon
निशाचरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिशाचर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वभावात्from (his) nature
स्वभावात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वभाव
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
शीलदोषेणby (his) fault of character
शीलदोषेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशीलदोष
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
सर्वेषाम्of all (people)
सर्वेषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
भयवर्धनःfear-increasing; one who increases fear
भयवर्धनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभयवर्धन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

M
Mārkaṇḍeya (speaker)
N
niśācara (a night-roaming being/demon)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights an ethical insight: cruelty and fearfulness often arise from ingrained nature and corrupted character (śīla-doṣa). Such a person becomes a source of fear to society, showing how inner disposition shapes outward harm.

Mārkaṇḍeya is describing a nocturnal, demonic-type figure as inherently cruel and ignoble, emphasizing that his very temperament and character-flaw make him a continual threat who spreads fear among all.