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Shloka 11

राजवृत्त-रक्षा-प्रणिधि-षाड्गुण्योपदेशः

Royal Conduct, Protection, Intelligence, and Policy Measures

यथा हानुदके मत्स्या निराक्रन्दे विहड़मा: । विहरेयुर्यथाकामं विहिंसन्त: पुनः पुनः:

yathā hānudake matsyā nirākrande vihaṅgamāḥ | vihareyur yathākāmaṃ vihiṃsantaḥ punaḥ punaḥ ||

Vasumanā dijo: «Así como los peces en aguas escasas, y las aves en una arboleda sin guardia, vagan a su antojo hiriéndose una y otra vez—unas veces aplastando y revolviendo a otros con sus golpes, otras veces afligiéndose ellos mismos al ser heridos—, así también, oh rey, en poco tiempo son empujados, sin duda, a la casi destrucción. Del mismo modo, sin rey, todos los súbditos caerán pronto en querellas mutuas y ruina, hundiéndose en la terrible oscuridad del sufrimiento como ganado sin pastor.»

यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
हानुदकेin (a place) having little water
हानुदके:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootहानुदक
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
मत्स्याःfishes
मत्स्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमत्स्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
निराक्रन्देin (a place) without outcry/without protection
निराक्रन्दे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootनिराक्रन्द
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
विहग-उमाःbirds (as a flock)
विहग-उमाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविहग + उमा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
विहरेयुःwould roam/sport
विहरेयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootविहर्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
यथाas
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
कामम्at will
कामम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकाम
विहिंसन्तःharming/attacking
विहिंसन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवि-हिंस्
FormPresent active participle (Parasmaipada), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

वसुमना उवाच

वसुमना (Vasumanā)
राजन् (the king, addressed)
मत्स्य (fish)
विहङ्गम (birds)

Educational Q&A

The verse argues that kingship (lawful governance) is necessary to prevent society from collapsing into mutual violence; without a ruler, people—like creatures in constrained or unprotected conditions—harm one another and rapidly decline.

Vasumanā addresses a king and uses vivid analogies (fish in scant water, birds in an unguarded grove) to illustrate how, in the absence of protection and restraint, beings fight repeatedly and become ruined—paralleling what happens to subjects when there is no king.