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Shloka 12

राजवृत्त-रक्षा-प्रणिधि-षाड्गुण्योपदेशः

Royal Conduct, Protection, Intelligence, and Policy Measures

विमथ्याततिक्रमेरंश्व विषद्यापि परस्परम्‌ | अभावमचिरेणैव गच्छेयुर्नात्र संशय:

vimathyātatikrameran śva viṣadyāpi parasparam | abhāvam acireṇaiva gaccheyur nātra saṁśayaḥ, rājan |

Vasumanā dijo: «Si continúan golpeándose y sobrepasándose unos a otros, afligidos pero aun así atacándose por turno, pronto caerán en la ruina; de ello no hay duda, oh rey. Pues, cuando el sol y la luna no se alzan, todas las criaturas se hunden en una oscuridad terrible y no pueden verse; y como los peces en un estanque somero, o las bandadas de aves en una arboleda sin guardia, que vagan a su antojo hiriéndose una y otra vez—unas veces aplastando a otros con sus golpes, otras veces sufriendo ellos mismos al ser heridos—, así también, luchando entre sí, en poco tiempo quedan casi destruidos. Del mismo modo, sin rey, todo el pueblo reñirá y peleará entre sí y será arruinado con rapidez, hundiéndose en la densa oscuridad del sufrimiento como ganado sin pastor.»

विमथ्यhaving churned/crushed
विमथ्य:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-मथ्
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund)
अतिक्रमेरन्would overstep/assail
अतिक्रमेरन्:
TypeVerb
Rootअति-क्रम्
Formविधिलिङ्, optative, 3, plural, परस्मैपद
अंश्वa ray (sunbeam)
अंश्व:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअंशु
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
विषद्यhaving become distressed/sunk down
विषद्य:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-सद्
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund)
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
परस्परम्mutually, one another
परस्परम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरस्पर
अभावम्non-existence, ruin
अभावम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअभाव
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
अचिरेणin a short time
अचिरेण:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअचिर
Formneuter, instrumental, singular
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
गच्छेयुःwould go/come to (reach)
गच्छेयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
Formविधिलिङ्, optative, 3, plural, परस्मैपद
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अत्रhere, in this matter
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
संशयःdoubt
संशयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formmasculine, vocative, singular

वसुमना उवाच

वसुमना (Vasumanā)
राजन् (the king addressed)
सूर्य (Sun)
चन्द्र (Moon)
मत्स्य (fish)
तालाब/ह्रद (pond/lake, implied)
उपवन (grove/garden, implied)
पक्षिगण (flocks of birds, implied)
प्रजा (subjects, implied)
चरवाहा (herdsman, implied)
पशु (cattle/animals, implied)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that a king (lawful authority) is necessary to restrain mutual aggression; without governance, people fall into conflict and rapid ruin, like creatures lost in darkness or animals without a herdsman.

Vasumanā addresses a king and argues for the necessity of rulership by using vivid analogies: darkness without sun and moon, fish in shallow water, and birds in an unguarded grove—each illustrating how, without protection and restraint, beings harm one another and perish.