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Shloka 46

Daṇḍotpatti-kathana (Origin and Function of Daṇḍa) — वसुहोम–मान्धातृ संवाद

भिक्षुका: प्राड्विवाकाश्व मौहूर्ता दैवचिन्तका: । कोशो मित्राणि धान्यं च सर्वोपकरणानि च

bhikṣukāḥ prāḍvivākāś ca mauhūrtā daivacintakāḥ | kośo mitrāṇi dhānyaṃ ca sarvopakaraṇāni ca ||

Bhishma dijo: «Mendicantes, abogados eruditos, astrólogos y quienes meditan lo divino; el tesoro, los aliados, los graneros y toda clase de pertrechos y recursos—todo ello se cuenta también entre los elementos que sostienen un reino. En la visión ética del gobierno que aquí se enseña, el Estado es como un cuerpo viviente: muchos miembros lo sustentan, pero la disciplina y el castigo legítimo (daṇḍa) se consideran el instrumento principal, pues por él se genera y se preserva el orden entre todas las partes.»

भिक्षुकाःmendicants/beggars
भिक्षुकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभिक्षुक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्राड्विवाकाःchief judges/royal adjudicators
प्राड्विवाकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्राड्विवाक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मौहूर्ताःmuhūrta-astrologers (auspicious-time calculators)
मौहूर्ताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमौहूर्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दैवचिन्तकाःdiviners/omen-interpreters (those who ponder the divine)
दैवचिन्तकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदैवचिन्तक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कोशःtreasury
कोशः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकोश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मित्राणिallies/friends
मित्राणि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
धान्यम्grain/provisions
धान्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधान्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सर्वोपकरणानिall implements/equipment
सर्वोपकरणानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वोपकरण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
bhikṣu (mendicants)
P
prāḍvivāka (advocates/jurists)
M
mauhūrta (astrologers)
D
daivacintaka (diviners/religious advisers)
K
kośa (treasury)
M
mitra (allies)
D
dhānya (grain/provisions)
U
upakaraṇa (equipment/resources)

Educational Q&A

The verse situates various social specialists and material resources—legal experts, astrologers/diviners, treasury, allies, provisions, and equipment—as essential supports of the kingdom, within a broader rājadharma framework where the state is viewed as an organism whose stability ultimately depends on daṇḍa (lawful discipline/punishment) to maintain order.

In the Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on rājadharma (the duties of kings). Here he continues enumerating the elements that uphold a polity—both personnel and resources—clarifying how governance relies on coordinated ‘limbs’ of the state and the regulating force of authority.