Shloka 47

सप्तप्रकृति चाष्टाड़ं शरीरमिह यद्‌ विदु: । राज्यस्य दण्डमेवाडुं दण्ड: प्रभव एव च,अथवा संयुक्त अंगके रथी, हाथीसवार, घुड़सवार, पैदल, मन्त्री, वैद्य, भिक्षुक, वकील, ज्योतिषी, दैवज्ञ, कोश, मित्र, धान्य तथा अन्य सब सामग्री, राज्यकी सात प्रकृतियाँ (स्वामी, अमात्य, सुहृद, कोश, राष्ट्र, दुर्ग और सेना) और उपर्युक्त आठ अंगोंसे युक्त बल-- इन सबको राज्यका शरीर माना गया है। इन सबमें दण्ड ही प्रधान अंग है, क्योंकि दण्ड ही सबकी उत्पत्तिका कारण है

saptaprakṛti cāṣṭāṅgaṁ śarīram iha yad viduḥ | rājyasya daṇḍam evāṅgaṁ daṇḍaḥ prabhava eva ca ||

Bhīṣma dijo: «Aquí, lo que los sabios reconocen como el “cuerpo” de un reino está constituido por los siete elementos fundamentales y el aparato de ocho partes. Sin embargo, entre todos ellos, sólo daṇḍa—la autoridad coercitiva y punitiva conforme a la ley—es el miembro principal de la soberanía, pues daṇḍa es la fuente misma que hace que el conjunto del sistema llegue a existir con eficacia.»

सप्तseven
सप्त:
TypeAdjective
Rootसप्त
Formindeclinable numeral
प्रकृतिःconstituent (of the state), element
प्रकृतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकृति
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formindeclinable
अष्टeight
अष्ट:
TypeAdjective
Rootअष्ट
Formindeclinable numeral
अङ्गम्limb, part
अङ्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअङ्ग
Formneuter, accusative, singular
शरीरम्body
शरीरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशरीर
Formneuter, accusative, singular
इहhere (in this context/world)
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
Formindeclinable
यत्which, that (what)
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formneuter, accusative, singular
विदुःthey know; they regard
विदुः:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
Formperfect, parasmaipada, 3rd person, plural
राज्यस्यof the kingdom/state
राज्यस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य
Formneuter, genitive, singular
दण्डम्punishment; rod; coercive power
दण्डम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
एवindeed, alone
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
Formindeclinable
अङ्गम्limb, chief part
अङ्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअङ्ग
Formneuter, accusative, singular
दण्डःpunishment; coercive power
दण्डः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
प्रभवःorigin; source; cause
प्रभवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभव
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
एवindeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
Formindeclinable
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formindeclinable

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
D
daṇḍa (royal punishment/authority)
R
rājya (kingdom/state)
S
saptaprakṛti (seven elements of the state)
A
aṣṭāṅga (eight limbs/apparatus)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that although the kingdom is conceived as an organic body made of multiple constituents (seven prakṛtis and an eightfold apparatus), the decisive principle is daṇḍa—lawful coercive power—because it enables the functioning, protection, and stability of all other elements.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma is advising Yudhiṣṭhira on the structure of the state and the necessity of enforcement. He frames the polity as a body with many limbs, then emphasizes daṇḍa as the chief instrument by which a king maintains order and makes governance effective.