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Shloka 19

Adhyāya 118: Saciva-parīkṣā

Testing and Appointment of Ministers/Servants

(चिन्तयामास च तदा शरभ: श्वानपूर्वकः । अस्य प्रभावात्‌ सम्प्राप्तो वाड्मात्रेण तु केवलम्‌ ।।

bhīṣma uvāca | cintayāmāsa ca tadā śarabhaḥ śvānapūrvakaḥ | asya prabhāvāt samprāpto vāṅmātreṇa tu kevalam || śarabhatvaṃ suduṣprāpaṃ sarvabhūtabhayaṅkaram || anye 'py atra bhayatrastāḥ santi hastibhayārditāḥ | munim āśritya jīvanto mṛgāḥ pakṣigaṇās tathā | teṣām api kadācic ca śarabhatvaṃ prayacchati || sarvasattvottamaṃ loke balaṃ yatra pratiṣṭhitam | pakṣiṇām apy ayaṃ dadyāt kadācit gāruḍaṃ balam || yāvad anyasya samprītaḥ kāruṇyaṃ ca samāśritaḥ | na dadāti balaṃ tuṣṭaḥ sattvasyānyasya kasyacit || tāvad enam ahaṃ vipraṃ vadhiṣyāmi ca śīghrataḥ | sthātuṃ mayā śakyam iha munighātān na saṃśayaḥ || tatas tena tapaḥśaktyā vidito jñānacakṣuṣā |

Dijo Bhīṣma: Entonces el Śarabha—que antes había sido un perro—reflexionó: “Por el poder de este sabio, con sólo su palabra he obtenido el rarísimo estado de Śarabha, temible para todas las criaturas. Aquí también hay muchos ciervos y bandadas de aves que viven bajo la protección del asceta, afligidos por el miedo a los elefantes y a otros peligros. Es posible que algún día les conceda también la forma de Śarabha, donde se asienta una fuerza superior a la de todos los seres. Incluso podría otorgar a las aves un poder semejante al de Garuḍa. Por eso, antes de que él—movido por la compasión y complacido con alguna otra criatura—conceda tal fuerza a nadie más, mataré pronto a este brahmán-sabio. Una vez muerto el sabio, podré permanecer aquí sin temor; no hay duda.” Entonces, por su poder ascético y con el ojo del conocimiento, el sabio llegó a saber su intención.

चिन्तयामासthought/pondered
चिन्तयामास:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootचिन्त् (धातु)
Formलिट् (परस्मैपद, परोक्षभूत/परफेक्ट), 3, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
शरभःthe śarabha (mythic beast)
शरभः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशरभ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
श्वान-पूर्वकःhaving a dog as former (formerly a dog)
श्वान-पूर्वकः:
TypeAdjective
Rootश्वान-पूर्वक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
अस्यof this (sage)
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine/neuter, genitive, singular
प्रभावात्from (his) power/influence
प्रभावात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभाव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, ablative, singular
सम्प्राप्तःobtained/attained
सम्प्राप्तः:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-प्र-आप् (धातु) / सम्प्राप्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formक्त (past passive participle), masculine, nominative, singular
वाक्-मात्रेणby mere speech/just by words
वाक्-मात्रेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवाक्-मात्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formneuter, instrumental, singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
केवलम्only/merely
केवलम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकेवल (प्रातिपदिक)
शरभत्वम्the state/body of being a śarabha
शरभत्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशरभत्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formneuter, accusative, singular
सुदुष्प्रापम्very hard to obtain
सुदुष्प्रापम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदुष्प्राप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formneuter, accusative, singular
सर्व-भूत-भयङ्करम्terrifying to all beings
सर्व-भूत-भयङ्करम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्वभूतभयङ्कर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formneuter, accusative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma (narrator/speaker)
Ś
Śarabha (formerly a dog)
M
Muni/Vipra (brahmin-sage)
O
Other animals: deer (mṛga), birds (pakṣigaṇa), elephants (hasti)
G
Garuḍa (as a paradigm of power)

Educational Q&A

Power gained through another’s grace can breed arrogance and fear-driven cruelty; plotting harm against a benefactor—especially a sage—is portrayed as grave adharma, and spiritual insight (tapas, jñānacakṣuṣ) is shown as a safeguard that exposes hidden malice.

A creature who has been transformed into the formidable Śarabha by a sage’s mere words becomes anxious that the sage might grant similar power to other protected animals; to preserve his dominance, he resolves to kill the sage, but the sage perceives the intention through ascetic knowledge.