Atharva Veda 2.22.4: Kanda 2, Anuvaka 3, Sukta 22, Mantra 4

Sukta 22

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

चन्द्र॒ यत् ते॒ शो॒चिस्तेन॒ तं प्रति॑ शोच॒ यो॒३स्मान् द्वेष्टि॒ यं व॒यं द्वि॒ष्मः

IAST Transliteration

cándra yát te śócis ténā táṃ práti śoca yó ’smā́n dvéṣṭi yáṃ vayáṃ dvíṣmaḥ

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

O Moon, with that thy burning lustre—therewith scorch him back again, who hateth us, whom we ourselves do hate.

Translation

Oh Luna, con ese tu fulgor ardiente — con él abrasa en respuesta a quien nos odia, a quien también nosotros odiamos.

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Word by Word

• चन्द्र: O Moon
• चन्द्र: सम्बोधन (address)
• Type: Noun (vocative used as address)
• Root: चन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• यत्: whatever/that which
• यत्: कर्म (of ‘has/possesses’ implied with ते)
• Type: Pronoun (relative)
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• ते: of you; your
• ते: सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of you/your’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• शोचिः: radiance, flame, glow
• शोचिः: कर्तृ (of ‘is/exists’ implied) / विषय (that radiance)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शोचिस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• तेन: with that; by that
• तेन: करण
• Type: Pronoun (instrumental demonstrative)
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• तम्: him
• तम्: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun (demonstrative)
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रति: towards; against
• प्रति: दिशा/सम्बन्ध (towards; governs accusative sense)
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb/preposition)
• Root: प्रति

• शोच: burn; blaze (against)
• शोच: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: शुच् (धातु) → शोच (लोट्)

• यः: who
• यः: कर्तृ (of द्वेष्टि)
• Type: Pronoun (relative)
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्मान्: us
• अस्मान्: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• द्वेष्टि: hates
• द्वेष्टि: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: द्विष् (धातु)

• यम्: whom
• यम्: कर्म (of द्विष्मः)
• Type: Pronoun (relative)
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वयम्: we
• वयम्: कर्तृ (of द्विष्मः)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• द्विष्मः: hate
• द्विष्मः: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: द्विष् (धातु)

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (often anonymous/Angiras-type attribution in this genre; specific r̥ṣi assignment depends on the Anukramaṇī).

Devata: Candra (Soma/Moon), as bearer of tejas used for counteraction.

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh-type cadence (as commonly employed in brief Atharvanic imprecatory verses).

Mantra Rasa

Primary: raudra

Secondary: adbhuta