शमान्तरं पत्तिं स्थापयेत्त्रिशमान्तरमश्वम् पञ्चशमान्तरं रथं हस्तिनं वा ॥ कZ_१०.५.०३ ॥
śamāntaraṃ pattiṃ sthāpayet triśamāntaram aśvam pañcaśamāntaraṃ rathaṃ hastinaṃ vā
Debe situar a la infantería a intervalos de un śama; a la caballería a intervalos de tres śamas; y a los carros o elefantes a intervalos de cinco śamas.
Greater mass and turning radius require more lateral/longitudinal room; spacing reduces self-interference and enables controlled maneuver under stress.