Sutra 25

Devanagari script

पृथग्भूतो मिथ्यावादी चैषामुत्तमं दण्डं दद्यात् ॥ कZ_०२.७.२५ ॥

Transliteration

pṛthagbhūto mithyāvādī caiṣām uttamaṃ daṇḍaṃ dadyāt

Translation

Si alguno de ellos actúa por separado (fuera del proceso colectivo) y se le halla mintiendo, debe imponérsele la pena máxima.

Word by Word

• पृथग्भूतः: one who is separated/kept apart
• Type: Adjective (Past participle used adjectivally)
• Root: भू
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गः; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (भूत) विशेषणम्

• मिथ्यावादी: a liar; one who speaks falsely
• Type: Noun/Adjective (agent noun)
• Root: वद्
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गः; वादी-प्रत्ययान्त (agent: ‘speaker’)

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्ययम्

• एषाम्: of these
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: षष्ठी-बहुवचनम् (genitive plural)

• उत्तमम्: the highest; the maximum
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तम
• Form: द्वितीया-एकवचनम्, नपुंसकलिङ्गः; ‘दण्डम्’ इति विशेषणम्

• दण्डम्: punishment; penalty
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: द्वितीया-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गः; कर्मपदम्

• दद्यात्: should give/award/impose
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्; ‘(राजा/न्यायाधीशः) दद्यात्’ = should impose/give

Entities Mentioned

• officials involved in audit/reporting

More Details

FAQs

What is the governance logic behind punishing ‘pṛthagbhūta’ conduct?

Acting outside the collective, documented workflow creates opportunities for unilateral manipulation; combining that with falsehood triggers a severe sanction to protect chain-of-custody and auditability.