Adhyakshaprachara Adhyaya 29 Sutra 8 - Arthashastra | Spanish | Vedapath

Kautilya

Sutra 8

Devanagari script

वत्सा वत्सतरा दम्या वहिनो वृषा उक्षाणश्च पुंगवाः युगवाहनशकटवहा वृषभाः सूनामहिषाः पृष्टस्कन्धवाहिनश्च महिषाः वत्सिका वत्सतरी पष्टहुही गर्भिणी धेनुश्चाप्रजाता वन्ध्याश्च गावो महिष्यश्च मासद्विमासजातास्तासामुपजा वत्सा वत्सिकाश्च ॥ कZ_०२.२९.०८ ॥

Transliteration

vatsā vatsatarā damyā vahino vṛṣā ukṣāṇaś ca puṃgavāḥ yugavāhanaśakaṭavahā vṛṣabhāḥ sūnāmahiṣāḥ pṛṣṭaskandhavāhinaś ca mahiṣāḥ vatsikā vatsatarī paṣṭhuhī garbhiṇī dhenuś cāaprajātā vandhyāś ca gāvo mahiṣyaś ca māsadvimāsajātās tāsām upajā vatsā vatsikāś ca

Translation

Terneros; novillas; crías adiestrables; animales de tiro/carga; toros; bueyes; toros reproductores; toros que tiran del yugo y del carro; búfalos machos; y búfalos que llevan carga sobre el lomo/hombros—además: terneras, novillas, (clase paṣṭhuhī), vacas preñadas, vacas lecheras, vacas que aún no han parido y vacas estériles; asimismo búfalas; y los nacidos hace uno o dos meses—de éstos, la cría son terneros y terneras.

Word by Word

वत्साःmale calves

वत्सतराःyoung steers/young bulls (older calf-class)

दम्याःtrainable (to be tamed/broken in) cattle

वहिनःcarrying animals; beasts of burden

वृषाःbulls

उक्षाणःstrong/stud bulls

चand

पुंगवाःprime/leading bulls

युगवाहनशकटवहाःoxen that draw yokes and carts

वृषभाःbulls/oxen

सूनामहिषाःyoung buffaloes (two sub-classes)

पृष्टस्कन्धवाहिनःload-carrying (back/shoulder) animals

चand

महिषाःbuffaloes

वत्सिकाःfemale calves

वत्सतरीa young heifer (older calf-class)

पष्टहुहीa technical class of cow/heifer (cattle category)

गर्भिणीpregnant (cow)

धेनुःmilch cow

चand

अप्रजाताnot yet having borne young

वन्ध्याःbarren (infertile) cows

चand

गावःcows

महिष्यःfemale buffaloes

चand

मासद्विमासजाताःborn one month or two months ago

तासाम्of those (females)

उपजाःoffspring

वत्साःmale calves

वत्सिकाःfemale calves

चand

Entities Mentioned

cattle categories

buffalo categories

FAQs

Why does Kautilya list so many animal categories?

Because taxation, assignment to labor, breeding policy, and accountability depend on precise category-wise records rather than a single ‘cattle’ bucket.