Adhyakshaprachara Adhyaya 26 Sutra 3 - Arthashastra | Spanish | Vedapath

Kautilya

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Sutra 3

Devanagari script

प्रवृत्तहिंसानामपरिगृहीतानां षड्भागं गृह्णीयात्मत्स्यपक्षिणां दशभागं वाधिकं मृगपशूनां शुल्कं वाधिकम् ॥ कZ_०२.२६.०३ ॥

Transliteration

pravṛttahiṃsānām aparigṛhītānāṃ ṣaḍbhāgaṃ gṛhṇīyāt matsyapakṣiṇāṃ daśabhāgaṃ vādhikaṃ mṛgapaśūnāṃ śulkaṃ vādhikam

Translation

En el caso de animales para los que se permite el daño y que no están ya reclamados (como propiedad privada), tomará una sexta parte; para peces y aves, una décima parte; para la caza y los animales, un derecho adicional.

Word by Word

प्रवृत्तengaged in / set in motion / active

हिंसानाम्of killings / of slaughtering acts

अपरिगृहीतानाम्of those not seized/appropriated (i.e., not taken into possession)

षड्भागम्a sixth part (one-sixth share)

गृह्णीयात्should take / should collect

मत्स्यof fish

पक्षिणाम्of birds

दशभागम्a tenth part (one-tenth share)

वाor / alternatively

अधिकम्more / additional

मृगof wild animals/game

पशूनाम्of animals/cattle

शुल्कम्duty / toll / tax

वाor

अधिकम्more / additional

Entities Mentioned

state (implicit)

hunters/fishers (implicit)

matsya (fish)

pakṣi (birds)

mṛga (game)

paśu (animals)

Ṣ

ṣaḍbhāga (one-sixth)

daśabhāga (one-tenth)

śulka (duty)

FAQs

How does this rule differ from the earlier fine-based rule (2.26.02)?

2.26.02 penalizes prohibited harm (a fine). 2.26.03 governs permitted extraction from commons (a revenue share/duty), treating it as taxable use rather than a crime.

What is the administrative logic of taking shares (1/6, 1/10) instead of fixed fines?

Shares scale with actual yield/value, making collection adaptive to output and reducing incentives to understate profitability relative to a flat charge.