Shloka 63

अर्जुनस्य अन्त्येष्टि, द्वारकाप्लावनम्, कलिप्रवेशः, कालोपदेशः

Devanagari script

तस्मात् पार्थ न संतापस् त्वया कार्यः पराभवात् भवन्ति भवकालेषु पुरुषाणां पराक्रमाः

Transliteration

tasmāt pārtha na saṃtāpas tvayā kāryaḥ parābhavāt bhavanti bhavakāleṣu puruṣāṇāṃ parākramāḥ

Translation

Therefore, O Pārtha, you should not give way to grief because of defeat; for in the changing turns of time, the valor of men comes to manifestation.

Word by Word

• tasmāt: therefore
• tasmāt: Sambandha (Causal link/हेतु)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तस्मात्-इत्यव्ययीभाववत् प्रयोगः; अपादानार्थ (therefore/from that)

• pārtha: O Pārtha (Arjuna)
• pārtha: Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pārtha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8), एकवचन

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (Negation/निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• saṃtāpaḥ: grief, anguish
• saṃtāpaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṃtāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन

• tvayā: by you
• tvayā: Karta (Agent/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• kāryaḥ: should be done (i.e., should be made)
• kāryaḥ: Kriyā (Predicative/विधेय)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु) + ya (कृत्य) / kārya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कृत्य-प्रत्ययान्त (यत्/ण्यत्-भाव), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन; विधेय—'to be done/should be'

• parābhavāt: from defeat, because of defeat
• parābhavāt: Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: parābhava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5), एकवचन

• bhavanti: arise, occur
• bhavanti: Kriyā (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhū (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन

• bhava-kāleṣu: in the times/cycles of worldly existence
• bhava-kāleṣu: Adhikaraṇa (Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhava + kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7), बहुवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (भवस्य कालेषु = 'in times of existence/worldly cycles')

• puruṣāṇām: of men
• puruṣāṇām: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: puruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6), बहुवचन

• parākramāḥ: acts of valor, exertions
• parākramāḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: parākrama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन

Speaker

Sri Krishna (addressing Arjuna as Pārtha)

Parashara-Maitreya Dialogue

Speaker: Parasara

Topic: Consolation and interpretation of defeat and success under Time’s revolutions.

Teaching: Ethical

Quality: compassionate

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Defeat and victory arise in the turns of Time; one should not grieve but recognize that human valor is revealed according to circumstance.

Vedantic Theme: Dharma

Application: Meet setbacks without despair; focus on steadfast effort and integrity, letting time’s changes mature one’s strength.

Vishishtadvaita: Implied governance of kāla under the Lord: temporal change does not negate moral agency but frames it within divine order.

Characters & Entities

• Krishna
• Arjuna (Partha)

FAQs

What is the significance of accepting defeat without sorrow in the Vishnu Purana?

This verse frames defeat as a moment within the larger movement of time (kāla), urging steadiness so that one’s true prowess can mature and reveal itself through changing circumstances.

How does Krishna explain perseverance as a spiritual discipline here?

By instructing Pārtha to abandon inner distress, Krishna links endurance to dharma—remaining composed in reversals so that action is guided by duty rather than emotion.

What is the theological importance of Lord Vishnu (as Krishna) in this context?

Krishna speaks as the divine guide who aligns human effort with cosmic order, teaching that time’s fluctuations do not diminish dharma and that steadfastness reflects trust in the Supreme’s governance.