Shloka 46

अक्रूर-सत्कारः, मथुरायात्रा-विरहः, यमुनातटे दिव्यदर्शनम्, चतुर्व्यूह-नमस्कारः

Devanagari script

निमग्नश् च पुनस् तोये स ददर्श तथैव तौ संस्तूयमानौ गन्धर्वमुनिसिद्धमहोरगैः

Transliteration

nimagnaś ca punas toye sa dadarśa tathaiva tau saṃstūyamānau gandharvamunisiddhamahoragaiḥ

Translation

And when he again plunged into the waters, he beheld those two just as before—being hymned and praised by Gandharvas, sages, Siddhas, and the great serpents.

Word by Word

• निमग्नः: submerged
• निमग्नः: Karta (Subject-qualifier/कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नि+मज्ज् (धातु) → निमग्न (प्रातिपदिक; क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; क्त (past participle)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• पुनः: again
• पुनः: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः (अव्यय)
• Form: पुनरावृत्तिवाचक-अव्यय (adverb)

• तोये: in the water
• तोये: Adhikaraṇa (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तोय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• ददर्श: saw
• ददर्श: Kriyā (Main action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• तथा: thus/in the same way
• तथा: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Manner/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (Emphasis/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-अव्यय (emphasis)

• तौ: those two
• तौ: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), द्विवचन; सर्वनाम

• संस्तूयमानौ: being praised
• संस्तूयमानौ: Karma (Object-qualifier/कर्मविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्+स्तु (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले कर्मणि-प्रयोगे शानच्/मान (present passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया/प्रथमा-द्विवचन-रूपसाम्य; अत्र कर्मपदस्य विशेषणत्वेन द्वितीया-द्विवचन (agreeing with तौ)

• गन्धर्वमुनिसिद्धमहोरगैः: by Gandharvas, sages, Siddhas, and great serpents
• गन्धर्वमुनिसिद्धमहोरगैः: Karta (Agent in passive/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गन्धर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + मुनि (प्रातिपदिक) + सिद्ध (प्रातिपदिक) + महोरग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; समाहार/इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः (collective listing)

Speaker

Sage Parāśara (narrating to Maitreya)

Parashara-Maitreya Dialogue

Speaker: Parasara

Topic: Akrūra’s repeated underwater vision and the cosmic witnesses praising the Lord

Teaching: Devotional

Quality: authoritative

Avatara Context

Avatara: Krishna

Purpose: To disclose His divine majesty to a qualified devotee (Akrūra) as assurance of His supreme protection and impending victory over adharma.

Leela: Moksha-dana

Dharma Restored: Strengthening faith (śraddhā) and confirming the Lord’s supremacy acknowledged by celestial beings

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: True divinity is recognized not merely by miracles but by the universal acclaim of realized beings and the spontaneous emergence of stuti (praise).

Vedantic Theme: Moksha

Application: Seek the company of the wise and the devotional tradition (stotra, kīrtana) to stabilize faith beyond doubt and spectacle.

Vishishtadvaita: The Lord is approachable in the world yet simultaneously the object of praise of siddhas and devas—immanence joined with transcendent supremacy.

Vaishnava Theology

Vishnu Form: Narayana

Bhakti Type: Shanta

Characters & Entities

• Gandharvas
• Munis (sages)
• Siddhas
• Mahoragas (Nāgas)
• The two divine beings (contextual)

FAQs

What is the significance of immersion in water in this verse of the Vishnu Purana?

The repeated plunging into water functions as a ritual and symbolic threshold into a subtler vision, after which the divine scene is perceived again with clarity.

How does Sage Parāśara portray cosmic hierarchy through the beings mentioned here?

By listing Gandharvas, sages, Siddhas, and Mahoragas together as worshippers, the verse shows multiple tiers of the cosmos unified in reverence toward the same supreme presence.

What is the theological importance of universal praise in this context?

The scene emphasizes that the divine reality being witnessed is worthy of veneration across realms, aligning with Vaishnava theology where the Supreme is acknowledged by all classes of exalted beings.