Shloka 47

गोवर्धनोत्तरविस्मयः, रासलीलाप्रसङ्गः, तथा सर्वव्याप्तिवेदान्तोपदेशः

Devanagari script

ताभिः प्रसन्नचित्ताभिर् गोपीभिः सह सादरम् रराम रासगोष्ठीभिर् उदारचरितो हरिः

Transliteration

tābhiḥ prasannacittābhir gopībhiḥ saha sādaram rarāma rāsagoṣṭhībhir udāracarito hariḥ

Translation

With the gopīs whose hearts had grown serene, noble Hari delighted—tenderly and with reverence—in the assemblies of the rāsa.

Word by Word

• ताभिः: with those (women)
• ताभिः: Sahakāraka (सह/साधन-सहयोग)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण/सह), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम-रूप (Instrumental plural feminine of tad)

• प्रसन्नचित्ताभिः: with cheerful-minded
• प्रसन्नचित्ताभिः: Viśeṣaṇa (of गोपीभिः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रसन्न (कृदन्त/विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक) + चित्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; विशेषण (agreeing with गोपीभिः)

• गोपीभिः: with the gopīs
• गोपीभिः: Sahakāraka (companions)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गोपी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन (Instrumental plural)

• सह: together with
• सह: Sambandha/Upapada (with तृतीया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उपसर्गसदृश-सम्बन्धबोधक (preposition-like: 'with')

• सादरम्: respectfully, with affection
• सादरम्: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (manner)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सादर (प्रातिपदिक; अव्ययीभाववत् क्रियाविशेषण-प्रयोग)
• Form: अव्यय-प्रयोग (accusative neuter used adverbially); क्रियाविशेषण

• रराम: played, sported
• रराम: Kriyā (मुख्य क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: रम् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (परोक्षभूत/Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• रासगोष्ठीभिः: with the rāsa gatherings
• रासगोष्ठीभिः: Sahakāraka (with the rāsa-assemblies)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रास (प्रातिपदिक) + गोष्ठी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; (रासस्य गोष्ठीः)

• उदारचरितः: of noble deeds
• उदारचरितः: Viśeṣaṇa (of हरिः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उदार (प्रातिपदिक) + चरित (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (agreeing with हरिः)

• हरिः: Hari (Vishnu/Krishna)
• हरिः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Speaker

Sage Parāśara (narrating to Maitreya)

Avatara Context

Avatara: Krishna

Purpose: To delight and liberate the Vraja-gopīs through rāsa-līlā, revealing divine grace as the supreme refuge of bhakti.

Leela: Moksha-dana

Dharma Restored: Bhakti-dharma as the highest means, centering all love upon Bhagavān.

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Serene, satisfied hearts (prasannacitta) become fit to participate in Bhagavān’s līlā, where devotion itself is the reward.

Vedantic Theme: Moksha

Application: Cultivate inner calm through nāma-japa and ethical restraint so devotion becomes steady rather than demand-driven.

Vishishtadvaita: Bhakti is a real relational participation between the finite self and the supreme Person, not an illusory experience.

Vaishnava Theology

Vishnu Form: Krishna

Bhakti Type: Madhurya

Characters & Entities

• Hari
• Krishna

FAQs

What is the significance of the rāsa (rāsa-goṣṭhī) in the Vishnu Purana?

In this verse, the rāsa is presented as a divine gathering where Hari’s grace harmonizes with the gopīs’ purified joy, highlighting bhakti as intimate participation in the Lord’s līlā.

How does Sage Parāśara explain the mood of the gopīs here?

He characterizes them as prasanna-citta—hearts calmed and fulfilled—indicating a devotional state transformed by Krishna’s presence rather than ordinary emotion alone.

What is the theological importance of calling Krishna “Hari” and “udāra-carita” in this context?

It affirms Krishna as Hari (the Supreme Vishnu) whose actions are inherently noble; even playful līlā is framed as divine sovereignty and benevolence rather than mere worldly romance.