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Skanda Purana — Mahesvara Khanda, Shloka 54

Devanagari script

प्रथमं तावत्प्रत्युषे उदिते सूर्ये शुचिर्भूत्वा गोमयकृतमंडलस्योपरि रक्तचंदनेन मंडलकं कृत्वा ततस्ताम्रपात्रे रक्तचंदनोदकश्वेतचंदनादिद्रव्यैः प्रपूरणं कृत्वा तन्मध्ये हेमाक्षतदूर्वादधिसर्पीषि परिक्षिप्य स्थापयेत्

Transliteration

prathamaṃ tāvatpratyuṣe udite sūrye śucirbhūtvā gomayakṛtamaṃḍalasyopari raktacaṃdanena maṃḍalakaṃ kṛtvā tatastāmrapātre raktacaṃdanodakaśvetacaṃdanādidravyaiḥ prapūraṇaṃ kṛtvā tanmadhye hemākṣatadūrvādadhisarpīṣi parikṣipya sthāpayet

Translation

First, at dawn when the Sun has risen, having become pure, one should draw a small circle with red sandalwood upon a cow-dung-made ritual circle. Then, filling a copper vessel with water mixed with red sandal and other substances such as white sandalwood, one should place it there, sprinkling into it gold-colored akṣata rice, dūrvā grass, curd, and ghee.

Word by Word
प्रथमम्first; at the beginning
प्रथमम्:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रथम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (क्रियाविशेषणम्/adverb): ‘प्रथमम्’ = first/at first
तावत्then; for the time being
तावत्:
Discourse particle
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतावत् (प्रातिपदिक/अव्ययप्रयोग)
Formअव्यय (निपात/particle): ‘तावत्’ = for the time being/then
प्रत्युषेat dawn
प्रत्युषे:
Adhikaraṇa (Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रत्युष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी विभक्ति (7th/locative), एकवचन
उदितेhaving risen
उदिते:
Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootउदित (कृदन्त; √उद् (उद्) + क्त)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (सूर्ये)
सूर्येwhen the sun (is)
सूर्ये:
Adhikaraṇa (Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी विभक्ति, एकवचन
शुचिःpure
शुचिः:
Karta (Subject qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootशुचि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति (1st/nominative), एकवचन; कर्तृविशेषणम्
भूत्वाhaving become
भूत्वा:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (Prior action)
TypeVerb
Root√भू (धातु) + त्वा (क्त्वान्त)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/absolutive): ‘having become’
गोमयकृतमण्डलस्यof the cow-dung-made circle
गोमयकृतमण्डलस्य:
Sambandha (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootगोमय + कृत + मण्डल (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी विभक्ति (6th/genitive), एकवचन; समासः: गोमयेन कृतं मण्डलम् (instrumental-tatpuruṣa)
उपरिupon; on top of
उपरि:
Adhikaraṇa (Locative/position)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउपरि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (उपसर्गसदृश/अव्यय): स्थानवाचकम् (locative adverb)
रक्तचन्दनेनwith red sandalwood
रक्तचन्दनेन:
Karaṇa (Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootरक्त + चन्दन (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति (3rd/instrumental), एकवचन; कर्मधारयः: रक्तं चन्दनम्
मण्डलकम्a small circle/diagram
मण्डलकम्:
Karma (Object)
TypeNoun
Rootमण्डलक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति (2nd/accusative), एकवचन
कृत्वाhaving made
कृत्वा:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (Prior action)
TypeVerb
Root√कृ (धातु) + त्वा (क्त्वान्त)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund): ‘having made/done’
ततःthereafter
ततः:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (अव्यय; तद्-प्रातिपदिकात्)
Formअव्यय (क्रियाविशेषणम्): ‘thereafter/then’
ताम्रपात्रेin a copper vessel
ताम्रपात्रे:
Adhikaraṇa (Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootताम्र + पात्र (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः: ताम्रस्य पात्रम् (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष)
रक्तचन्दनोदकश्वेतचन्दनादिद्रव्यैःwith substances such as red-sandal water and white sandalwood
रक्तचन्दनोदकश्वेतचन्दनादिद्रव्यैः:
Karaṇa (Instrument/means)
TypeNoun
Rootरक्तचन्दन + उदक + श्वेतचन्दन + आदि + द्रव्य (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति, बहुवचन; समासः: (रक्तचन्दनस्य उदकं) (श्वेतचन्दनम्) (आदि-द्रव्याणि) इति समाहारः; ‘-आदि’ = etc.
प्रपूरणम्filling completely
प्रपूरणम्:
Karma (Object)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रपूरण (प्रातिपदिक; भाववाचक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन
कृत्वाhaving done
कृत्वा:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (Prior action)
TypeVerb
Root√कृ (धातु) + त्वा (क्त्वान्त)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund)
तत्of that
तत्:
Sambandha (Genitive relation)
TypeAdjective
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘तत्’ = ‘of that’ (सम्बन्ध)
मध्येin the middle
मध्ये:
Adhikaraṇa (Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootमध्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी विभक्ति, एकवचन
हेमाक्षतदूर्वादधिसर्पीषिgold, unbroken rice, durvā grass, curd, and ghee
हेमाक्षतदूर्वादधिसर्पीषि:
Karma (Object)
TypeNoun
Rootहेम + अक्षत + दूर्वा + दधि + सर्पिस् (प्रातिपदिक; समास/समाहार)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, बहुवचन (समाहार-द्वन्द्व/collective); घटकाः: हेम, अक्षत, दूर्वा, दधि, सर्पिस्
परिक्षिप्यhaving scattered/placed around
परिक्षिप्य:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (Prior action)
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + √क्षिप् (धातु) + ल्यप् (क्त्वा-प्रत्ययभेद)
Formल्यबन्त/क्त्वान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund): ‘having strewn/placed around’
स्थापयेत्should place/establish
स्थापयेत्:
Vidhi-kriyā (Injunctive action)
TypeVerb
Root√स्था (धातु) (णिच् causative: स्थापय-)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
Speaker

Nārada (continuing the instruction)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A dawn courtyard: a fresh gomaya maṇḍala on the ground, a small red-sandal circle drawn atop it; a copper vessel filled with fragrant sandal-water, with akṣata, dūrvā, curd and ghee arranged as offerings; the worshipper preparing to face the rising Sun.

Characters & Entities
S
Sūrya
B
Bhāskara

FAQs

Purity, correct preparation, and reverent materials transform a simple offering into a dharmic act pleasing to Sūrya.

No specific tīrtha is mentioned; the rite is framed as a general daily worship procedure.

At sunrise, prepare a cow-dung mandala, draw with red sandalwood, fill a copper vessel with scented water, and add akṣata, dūrvā, curd, and ghee.

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