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Skanda Purana — Brahma Khanda, Shloka 29

Devanagari script

सहोभौ चरतां धर्मं प्राजापत्यः स ईरितः । वरवध्वोः स्वेच्छय्रा च गांधर्वोऽन्योन्यमैत्रतः । प्रसह्य कन्याहरणाद्राक्षसो निन्दितः सताम्

Transliteration

sahobhau caratāṃ dharmaṃ prājāpatyaḥ sa īritaḥ | varavadhvoḥ svecchayrā ca gāṃdharvo'nyonyamaitrataḥ | prasahya kanyāharaṇādrākṣaso ninditaḥ satām

Translation

The Prājāpatya marriage is declared to be that in which both bride and groom pursue dharma together. The Gāndharva marriage arises from mutual affection and the free choice of the two. The Rākṣasa marriage, involving the forcible abduction of the maiden, is condemned by the virtuous.

Word by Word
sahatogether
saha:
Sambandha (Association/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsaha (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; उपसर्ग/पूर्वपद-निपातः ‘सह’ (=सहितम्)
ubhauboth (of them)
ubhau:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootubha (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1/प्रथमा), द्विवचन
caratāmlet them practice / may they follow
caratām:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√car (चर, धातु)
Formलोट् (आज्ञार्थ/विधिलिङ्गसदृश), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, द्विवचन (आशीर्वाद/विधि)
dharmamdharma
dharmam:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2/द्वितीया), एकवचन
prājāpatyaḥthe Prājāpatya (form of marriage)
prājāpatyaḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootprājāpatya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1/प्रथमा), एकवचन
saḥthat (one)
saḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1/प्रथमा), एकवचन
īritaḥis declared
īritaḥ:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√īr (ईर्, धातु)
Formक्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1/प्रथमा), एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगे ‘उक्तः/निर्दिष्टः’
vara-vadhvoḥof the bridegroom and the bride
vara-vadhvoḥ:
Sambandha (Genitive/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootvara (प्रातिपदिक) + vadhū (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसमासः (द्वन्द्व) ‘वरश्च वधूश्च’; षष्ठी (6/षष्ठी), द्विवचन
sva-icchayāby (their) own will
sva-icchayā:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootsva (प्रातिपदिक) + icchā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसमासः (तत्पुरुष) ‘स्वस्य इच्छा’; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3/तृतीया), एकवचन
caand
ca:
Sambandha (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक-निपात (conjunction)
gāndharvaḥthe Gāndharva (form of marriage)
gāndharvaḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootgāndharva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1/प्रथमा), एकवचन
anyonyamaitrataḥfrom mutual affection
anyonyamaitrataḥ:
Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootanyonya (प्रातिपदिक) + maitrī (प्रातिपदिक) + tas (तसिल्-प्रत्यय)
Formसमास/निर्माणः ‘अन्योन्य-मैत्री’ + तसिल् (ablatival adverb) = ‘-तः’; अव्यय (adverb)
prasahyaby force / forcibly
prasahya:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpra-√sah (सह, धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययप्रयोगः; ‘बलात् कृत्वा’
kanyā-haraṇātfrom abducting a maiden
kanyā-haraṇāt:
Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootkanyā (प्रातिपदिक) + haraṇa (प्रातिपदिक; √hṛ धातु)
Formसमासः (तत्पुरुष) ‘कन्यायाः हरणम्’; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5/पञ्चमी), एकवचन
rākṣasaḥthe Rākṣasa (form of marriage)
rākṣasaḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1/प्रथमा), एकवचन
ninditaḥis condemned
ninditaḥ:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√nind (निन्द्, धातु)
Formक्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1/प्रथमा), एकवचन; कर्मणि ‘निन्दितः’
satāmby the good (people)
satām:
Sambandha (Genitive/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootsat (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6/षष्ठी), बहुवचन
Speaker

Parāśara

Visual Art Cues

Scene: Three vignettes: (1) Prājāpatya—couple walking together with a dharma-banner, elders blessing; (2) Gāndharva—mutual garlanding in a grove; (3) Rākṣasa—abduction scene shown in shadowed tones with onlookers expressing disapproval, emphasizing condemnation rather than spectacle.

Characters & Entities
P
Parāśara

FAQs

Dharma honors consent, mutual duty, and virtue; coercion in marriage is censured by the righteous.

No tīrtha is mentioned; the verse focuses on moral classification of marriage.

Definitions: Prājāpatya (joint dharma), Gāndharva (mutual choice), and rejection of Rākṣasa (abduction).

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