Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 2

Śravaṇa–Kīrtana–Manana: Definitions and Hierarchy of Śaiva Sādhanā (श्रवणकीर्तनमनन-निरूपणम्)

ब्रह्मोवच । पूजाजपेशगुणरूपविलासनाम्नां युक्तिप्रियेण मनसा परिशोधनं यत् । तत्संततं मननमीश्वरदृष्टिलभ्यं सर्वेषु साधनवरेष्वपि मुख्यमुख्यम्

brahmovaca | pūjājapeśaguṇarūpavilāsanāmnāṃ yuktipriyeṇa manasā pariśodhanaṃ yat | tatsaṃtataṃ mananamīśvaradṛṣṭilabhyaṃ sarveṣu sādhanavareṣvapi mukhyamukhyam

Brahmā said: That which purifies the mind—delighting in right reasoning—through reflection on worship, mantra‑japa, the Lord’s qualities, His forms, His divine play, and His names: this continuous contemplation, by which the vision of Īśvara is attained, is the foremost of the foremost among all excellent spiritual means.

ब्रह्माBrahmā
ब्रह्मा:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Root√वच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्
पूजा-जप-ईश-गुण-रूप-विलास-नाम्नाम्of the names (connected with) worship, japa, the Lord, qualities, forms, and divine sports
पूजा-जप-ईश-गुण-रूप-विलास-नाम्नाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootपूजा (प्रातिपदिक) + जप (प्रातिपदिक) + ईश (प्रातिपदिक) + गुण (प्रातिपदिक) + रूप (प्रातिपदिक) + विलास (प्रातिपदिक) + नामन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (नामन्-आश्रय), षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन; समासः—पूजा च जपश्च ... इति समाहार-द्वन्द्वः, अन्ते ‘नाम्नाम्’ (of the names)
युक्ति-प्रियेणwith a reasoning-loving
युक्ति-प्रियेण:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeAdjective
Rootयुक्ति (प्रातिपदिक) + प्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; समासः—युक्तेः प्रियः (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष)
मनसाby the mind
मनसा:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootमनस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन
परिशोधनम्purification
परिशोधनम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootपरिशोधन (प्रातिपदिक; √शुध् धातु से भाव, परि-उपसर्ग)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन
यत्which
यत्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Relative)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; सम्बन्धबोधक (relative pronoun)
तत्that
तत्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Correlative)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; तद्-सम्बन्ध (correlative)
संततम्continuous
संततम्:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeAdjective
Rootसंतत (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक; √तन् धातु, सम्-उपसर्ग)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; क्रियाविशेषणवत् (continuously)
मननम्reflection (manana)
मननम्:
Karta (कर्ता/Predicate-noun)
TypeNoun
Rootमनन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन
ईश्वर-दृष्टि-लभ्यम्attainable by the vision of the Lord
ईश्वर-दृष्टि-लभ्यम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक) + दृष्टि (प्रातिपदिक) + लभ्य (कृदन्त; √लभ् धातु)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; समासः—ईश्वरस्य दृष्टिः (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष) + तया लभ्यम् (तृतीया-तत्पुरुष/उपपद)
सर्वेषुamong all
सर्वेषु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), बहुवचन
साधन-वरेषुamong the best means (of practice)
साधन-वरेषु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootसाधन (प्रातिपदिक) + वर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), बहुवचन; समासः—साधनानां वराः (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष)
अपिeven
अपि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), अपि = even/also
मुख्य-मुख्यम्the most important
मुख्य-मुख्यम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootमुख्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; पुनरुक्ति (intensive reduplication) — ‘most principal’

Brahma

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Dakṣiṇāmūrti

Jyotirlinga: Viśvanātha

Sthala Purana: Kāśī is famed as the seat where knowledge ripens into direct ‘vision of Īśvara’ (īśvara-dṛṣṭi). This verse’s emphasis on continuous contemplation as the foremost sādhana mirrors the Kāśī motif: liberation through sustained remembrance and insight into Śiva.

Significance: Supports the pilgrim-ideal of unbroken smaraṇa/manana of Śiva’s guṇa–rūpa–nāma, held to culminate in Śiva’s anugraha and mokṣa.

Type: stotra

Role: teaching

S
Shiva

FAQs

It declares that the highest sadhana is continuous contemplation that purifies the mind through Shiva’s worship, names, forms, qualities, and divine play—leading to direct vision of Īśvara (Shiva).

By emphasizing Shiva’s nāma (names), rūpa (forms), and guṇa (qualities), the verse supports Saguna upāsanā—such as Linga-pūjā—while teaching that its culmination is inner purification and steady remembrance that reveals Shiva’s presence.

A combined practice: Shiva-pūjā and mantra-japa (classically the Panchakshara, “Om Namaḥ Śivāya”), followed by sustained mananam—reflective remembrance of Shiva’s names, forms, and qualities throughout the day.