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Shloka 4

Sadācāra–Varṇa-lakṣaṇa and Prātaḥkṛtya

Right Conduct, Social Typologies, and Morning Purification

शूद्र ब्राह्मण इत्युक्तः स्वयमेव हि कर्षकः । असूयालुः परद्रो ही चंडालद्विज उच्यते

śūdra brāhmaṇa ityuktaḥ svayameva hi karṣakaḥ | asūyāluḥ paradro hī caṃḍāladvija ucyate

A brāhmaṇa who lives like a śūdra is, in truth, merely a tiller of the soil. But a twice-born who is envious and hostile to others is called a caṇḍāla among the dvijas.

śūdraḥa Śūdra
śūdraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootśūdra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (Masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)
brāhmaṇaḥa Brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootbrāhmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; quotation particle (iti—इति, end-quote marker)
uktaḥis called/said
uktaḥ:
Karma (कर्म/Predicate complement)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
FormKṛdanta; Bhūtakāla-kṛdanta (past passive participle/क्त), Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; passive sense ‘said/called’
svayamby oneself
svayam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsvayam (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; adverb (स्वयम्)
evaindeed/only
eva:
Nipāta (निपात/Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; emphatic particle (एव)
hiindeed/for
hi:
Nipāta (निपात/Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; particle (हि) indicating emphasis/reason
karṣakaḥa farmer
karṣakaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootkarṣaka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
asūyāluḥone who is envious
asūyāluḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootasūyālu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; adjective used substantively
paradraḥone who is hostile to others
paradraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootparadra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; adjective used substantively
hiindeed
hi:
Nipāta (निपात/Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; particle (हि)
caṃḍāladvijaḥa ‘caṇḍāla-like’ twice-born
caṃḍāladvijaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootcaṃḍāla (प्रातिपदिक) + dvija (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; karmadhāraya ‘dvija who is (like) a caṇḍāla’
ucyateis called
ucyate:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
FormLaṭ lakāra (Present/लट्), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd/प्रथमपुरुष), Ekavacana; Ātmanepada passive usage (भावे/कर्मणि) ‘is called’

Suta Goswami (narrating Shiva-dharma teachings to the sages at Naimisharanya)

Tattva Level: pasha

Shiva Form: Bhairava

Jyotirlinga: Viśvanātha

Sthala Purana: Kāśī’s dharma-tradition often pairs Viśvanātha’s grace with Bhairava’s guardianship and moral policing: envy and harm to others are treated as spiritual degradation, warranting ‘caṇḍāla’ status among dvijas—an ethical ‘saṃhāra’ of false prestige.

Significance: Warns pilgrims and practitioners that tīrtha and birth-status do not protect one who violates ahiṃsā and goodwill; moral purification is prerequisite for Śiva’s saving presence.

Shakti Form: Durgā

Role: teaching

S
Shiva

FAQs

It teaches that spiritual stature is measured by conduct and inner purity, not merely by social designation; envy and harming others are forms of bondage (pāśa) that obstruct Shiva-bhakti and liberation.

Linga-worship is meant to purify the heart; approaching Saguna Shiva with envy and hostility contradicts the aim of worship, while humility and non-harm make devotion fruitful and lead toward grace.

Practice ahimsa and removal of asūyā (envy) alongside daily Shiva-japa (e.g., Panchakshara ‘Om Namaḥ Śivāya’) and simple Linga-pūjā, making ethical restraint the core discipline.