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Shloka 1

सामान्यतो नरकगतिवर्णनम्

General Description of the Course of Hell / Naraka-gati

सनत्कुमार उवाच । एषु पापाः प्रपच्यंते शोष्यंते नरकाग्निषु । यातनाभिर्विचित्राभिरास्वकर्म्मक्षयाद्भृशम्

sanatkumāra uvāca | eṣu pāpāḥ prapacyaṃte śoṣyaṃte narakāgniṣu | yātanābhirvicitrābhirāsvakarmmakṣayādbhṛśam

Sanatkumāra said: “In these hellish states, sins are thoroughly cooked and burned away in the fires of Naraka; by many kinds of severe torments they are greatly dried up, until one’s own karmas are exhausted.”

सनत्कुमारःSanatkumāra
सनत्कुमारः:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootsanat + kumāra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद
एषुin these
एषु:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/location)
TypeAdjective
Rootetad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम-विशेषण; पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), बहुवचन; ‘नरकाग्निषु’ इत्यर्थे (in these)
पापाःsinners/evil-doers
पापाः:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootpāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
प्रपच्यन्तेare cooked/tormented
प्रपच्यन्ते:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpra√pac (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (Passive)
शोष्यन्तेare dried up
शोष्यन्ते:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√śuṣ (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (Passive)
नरक-अग्निषुin the fires of hell
नरक-अग्निषु:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/location)
TypeNoun
Rootnaraka + agni (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
यातनाभिःby tortures
यातनाभिः:
Karaṇa (करण/instrument/means)
TypeNoun
Rootyātanā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
विचित्राभिःvarious/strange
विचित्राभिः:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/modifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootvicitra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; ‘यातनाभिः’ इत्यस्य विशेषण
indeed/fully
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; उपसर्ग-सदृश अव्यय (intensifier/particle)
स्वकर्म-क्षयात्from the exhaustion of (their) own karma
स्वकर्म-क्षयात्:
Hetu (हेतु/cause)
TypeNoun
Rootsva + karma + kṣaya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन
भृशम्excessively
भृशम्:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootbhṛśam (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

Sanatkumara

Tattva Level: pasha

FAQs

It teaches that suffering in Naraka is not random punishment but the ripening and depletion of pāpa-karma; when karma is exhausted, the soul (paśu) moves onward in its journey, highlighting the law of karma under the Lord’s cosmic order.

By showing that karmic bondage (pāśa) produces painful results, the verse indirectly urges refuge in Saguna Shiva—worship of the Liṅga, devotion, and Śiva-anugraha (grace)—as the purifying path that reduces pāpa and turns the mind toward liberation.

A practical takeaway is karmic purification through daily japa of the Pañcākṣarī (“Om Namaḥ Śivāya”), along with Śiva-pūjā/abhisheka and living by dharma to prevent further pāpa and orient the mind toward Śiva’s grace.