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Shloka 23

नरकलोकवर्णनम् (Narakaloka-varṇanam) — Description of the Hell-Realms

इति ते नामतः प्रोक्ता घोरा नरककोटयः । अष्टाविंशतिरेवैताः पापानां यातनात्मिकाः

iti te nāmataḥ proktā ghorā narakakoṭayaḥ | aṣṭāviṃśatirevaitāḥ pāpānāṃ yātanātmikāḥ

Thus, these dreadful multitudes of hells have been declared to you by name. Indeed, they are twenty-eight in number—realms whose very nature is torment, experienced as the consequence of sinful actions.

इतिthus
इति:
सम्बन्ध/उद्धरण
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formउक्त्यर्थक अव्यय (quotative)
तेthey
ते:
कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; कर्तृपद (they)
नामतःby name
नामतः:
सम्बन्ध/विशेषण (adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनामतः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb); नाम + तस् (tasil) = ‘by name/with respect to name’
प्रोक्ताःdeclared, stated
प्रोक्ताः:
विशेषण (of subject)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + वच् (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘ते’ इत्यस्य विशेषण—declared
घोराःterrible
घोराः:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootघोर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘नरककोटयः’ इत्यस्य विशेषण
नरक-कोटयःmultitudes/classes of hells
नरक-कोटयः:
कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootनरक + कोटि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; नरकाणां कोटयः (classes/crores of hells)
अष्टाविंशतिःtwenty-eight
अष्टाविंशतिः:
कर्ता/संख्या-विशेषण
TypeNoun
Rootअष्टाविंशति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; संख्या (numeral) = 28; द्विगु-समासः (अष्टा+विंशति)
एवindeed, exactly
एव:
सम्बन्ध/निपात
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारणार्थक निपात (emphasis/only)
एताःthese
एताः:
कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘नरककोटयः’ इत्यस्य पुनर्निर्देश (these)
पापानाम्of sins
पापानाम्:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootपाप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन; सम्बन्ध (of sins/of sinners’ deeds)
यातना-आत्मिकाःconsisting of torments
यातना-आत्मिकाः:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootयातना + आत्मिक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; यातनात्मकाः = यातना एव आत्मा/स्वभावः यस्याः (having torment as their nature)

Suta Goswami (narrating the Purana to the sages at Naimisharanya)

Tattva Level: pasha

Sthala Purana: This verse is a cataloging transition: it summarizes the enumeration of 28 hell-realms as karmic consequences; not tied to a specific liṅga-sthala.

Significance: Serves as dharma-upadeśa: reflection on naraka as pāśa (bondage) encourages ethical restraint and seeking Śiva’s anugraha through devotion and right conduct.

FAQs

It summarizes that the Purana has enumerated twenty-eight named hell-realms to teach moral discernment: pāpa binds the soul through suffering (a form of pāśa), while turning toward Shiva as Pati supports purification and liberation.

By highlighting the consequences of sin, it implicitly urges refuge in Saguna Shiva—worship of the Linga with devotion and right conduct—so that karmic impurities are reduced and the aspirant becomes fit for Shiva’s grace and moksha.

Adopt daily Shiva-oriented discipline: japa of the Panchakshara (Om Namaḥ Śivāya), sincere repentance and ethical restraint, and regular puja/abhisheka to the Linga as a practical antidote to pāpa.