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Shloka 4

Pitṛbhakti and Śrāddha: The Classification of Pitṛs and the Superiority of Pitṛ-kārya

दत्तं स्वधां पुरोधाय श्राद्धे प्रीणाति वै पितॄन् । वह्नेराप्यायनं कृत्वा सोमस्य तु यमस्य वै

dattaṃ svadhāṃ purodhāya śrāddhe prīṇāti vai pitṝn | vahnerāpyāyanaṃ kṛtvā somasya tu yamasya vai

When, during the śrāddha rite, an offering is made with the invocation “svadhā” placed foremost, it indeed gladdens the Pitṛs (ancestral beings). And by thereby nourishing the sacred Fire, it also becomes an act of satisfaction for Soma and for Yama as well.

दत्तम्having given / given
दत्तम्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootदा (धातु) → दत्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formभूतकृदन्तः (Past passive participle/क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; कर्मणि-भावः ‘having given/given’
स्वधाम्svadhā-offering
स्वधाम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootस्वधा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्
पुरोधायhaving placed before / having offered first
पुरोधाय:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootपुरस् + धा (धातु) → पुरोधाय (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय/ल्यप्)
Formअव्ययकृदन्तः (Gerund/ल्यप्), ‘placing in front/setting forth’
श्राद्धेin the śrāddha rite
श्राद्धे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, सप्तमी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्
प्रीणातिpleases / satisfies
प्रीणाति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootप्री (धातु)
Formलट्-लकारः (Present), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्
वैindeed
वै:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formनिश्चयार्थक-अव्ययम् (emphatic particle)
पितॄन्the ancestors (pitṛs)
पितॄन्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्
वह्नेःof Agni (fire)
वह्नेः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootवह्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, षष्ठी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्
आप्यायनम्nourishment / refreshing
आप्यायनम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootआ + प्यै (धातु) → आप्यायन (कृदन्त/भाव-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; क्रियानाम (nourishing/refreshment)
कृत्वाhaving done
कृत्वा:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु) → कृत्वा (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय)
Formअव्ययकृदन्तः (Gerund/क्त्वा), ‘having done’
सोमस्यof Soma
सोमस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootसोम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, षष्ठी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्
तुand / also
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formविरोध/समुच्चयार्थक-निपातः (and/but)
यमस्यof Yama
यमस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootयम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, षष्ठी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्
वैindeed
वै:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formनिश्चयार्थक-अव्ययम् (emphatic particle)

Suta Goswami

Tattva Level: pasha

A
Agni
S
Soma
Y
Yama
P
Pitrs

FAQs

It teaches that śrāddha done with the proper Pitṛ-invocation (“svadhā”) is not merely social custom but a dharmic act that harmonizes the subtle order—satisfying the ancestors and aligning the performer with righteous conduct, which supports inner purification on the Shaiva path.

In Shaiva Siddhanta, honoring Pitṛs and sustaining Agni are parts of dharma that steady the devotee’s life and mind; such purity and order become supportive auxiliaries (aṅga) to Saguna Shiva worship—making japa, pūjā, and Linga-upāsanā more fruitful.

Perform śrāddha/tarpaṇa with correct mantra-usage—especially the “svadhā” formula for Pitṛs—while maintaining reverence for Agni; as a Shaiva takeaway, pair this dharmic act with steady japa of the Pañcākṣarī (Om Namaḥ Śivāya) for purification and grace.