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Shloka 53

Manu’s Progeny and the Birth of Iḍā

Genealogy and Dharma-Choice

वृषघ्नस्तु मनोः पुत्रो गोपालो गुरुणा कृतः । पालयामास गा यत्तो रात्र्यां वीरासनव्रतः

vṛṣaghnastu manoḥ putro gopālo guruṇā kṛtaḥ | pālayāmāsa gā yatto rātryāṃ vīrāsanavrataḥ

Vṛṣaghna, the son of Manu, was appointed by his preceptor as a cowherd. With diligence he protected the cows; and at night he observed the vow of vīrāsana, seated in heroic posture, abiding in disciplined vigilance.

वृषघ्नःVṛṣaghna (name)
वृषघ्नः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootवृषघ्न (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), एकवचन (Singular)
तुbut/indeed
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (particle), विरोध/विशेषार्थक (but/indeed)
मनोःof Manu
मनोः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootमनु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive, 6th), एकवचन (Singular)
पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject; apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
गोपालःcowherd
गोपालः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject; apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootगोपाल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
गुरुणाby the teacher
गुरुणा:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental, 3rd), एकवचन
कृतःmade/appointed
कृतः:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicative participle)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle, क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive sense)
पालयामासprotected/guarded
पालयामास:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootपाल् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
गाःcows
गाः:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative, 2nd), बहुवचन (Plural)
यत्तःintent/attentive
यत्तः:
Karta (कर्ता; qualifier of subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootयत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (adjectival), अर्थः ‘संयत/उद्यत’ (restrained/intent)
रात्र्याम्at night
रात्र्याम्:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location-Time)
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative, 7th), एकवचन
वीरासनव्रतःone observing the vīrāsana vow
वीरासनव्रतः:
Karta (कर्ता; appositional epithet)
TypeNoun
Rootवीरासन (प्रातिपदिक) + व्रत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी/तत्पुरुष-समास (determinative): ‘वीरासनस्य व्रतम्’ → ‘one whose vow is (to keep) vīrāsana’

Suta Goswami

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Paśupatinātha

Significance: Protecting cows (go-rakṣā) is framed as dharma that accrues puṇya and supports sattva, preparing the paśu for Śiva’s anugraha.

M
Manu
V
Vṛṣaghna
G
Guru

FAQs

The verse highlights dharmic seva (protecting and serving) joined with disciplined inner practice (a night vow in vīrāsana). In a Shaiva Siddhanta lens, steady conduct and restraint weaken pāśas (bondages) and prepare the pashu (soul) for the grace of Pati, Shiva.

Though the Linga is not named here, the narrative models the Shaiva principle that external duty and inner steadiness support Saguna Shiva worship—service, protection of life, and nightly vigilance are complementary to temple worship, mantra-japa, and devotion to Shiva as the sustaining Lord.

It points to a vrata of night discipline using vīrāsana—sitting steadily for vigilance, contemplation, or japa. As a practical takeaway, one may keep a night vigil (jāgaraṇa) with stable posture and Shiva mantra recitation (e.g., Om Namaḥ Śivāya) where appropriate.