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Shloka 27

Saṃjñā–Chāyā Upākhyāna: Sūrya-tejas, Substitution, and the Birth of Manu, Yama, and Yamunā

छायोवाच । तवातितेजसा दग्धा इदं रूपं न शोभते । असहंती च तत्संज्ञा वने वसति शाद्वले

chāyovāca | tavātitejasā dagdhā idaṃ rūpaṃ na śobhate | asahaṃtī ca tatsaṃjñā vane vasati śādvale

Chāyā said: “Scorched by the overwhelming radiance of your splendor, this form no longer shines with beauty. Unable to bear that state, she—known by that very name—dwells in the forest, upon the grassy ground.”

chāyāChāyā
chāyā:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootchāyā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (Feminine/स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verbal action)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
FormLaṅ-lakāra (Imperfect/Past/लङ्), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person/प्रथमपुरुष), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
tavayour
tava:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Roottvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormṢaṣṭhī vibhakti (Genitive/षष्ठी), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)
ati-tejasāby excessive radiance
ati-tejasā:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootati (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + tejas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसakaliṅga (Neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग) used as noun ‘splendour’, Tṛtīyā vibhakti (Instrumental/तृतीया), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन); Tatpuruṣa (ati- as intensifier)
dagdhāburnt
dagdhā:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Root√dah (धातु)
FormKṛdanta past passive participle (क्त/PPP), Strīliṅga (Feminine/स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)
idamthis
idam:
Viśeṣya (विशेष्य/that which is described)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसakaliṅga (Neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Prathamā/Dvitīyā vibhakti (Nom/Acc), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)
rūpamform; appearance
rūpam:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootrūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसakaliṅga (Neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; niṣedha-nipāta (negative particle/निषेध)
śobhateshines; looks beautiful
śobhate:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verbal action)
TypeVerb
Root√śubh (धातु)
FormLaṭ-lakāra (Present/लट्), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person/प्रथमपुरुष), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद)
asahaṃtīunable to bear; not tolerating
asahaṃtī:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Roota- + √sah (धातु)
FormKṛdanta present participle (शतृ/Śatṛ), Strīliṅga (Feminine/स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन); with privative a-: ‘not enduring’
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; samuccaya (conjunction/समुच्चय)
tat-saṃjñānamed thus; of that designation
tat-saṃjñā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + saṃjñā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (Feminine/स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन); Tatpuruṣa: ‘having that name/known as that’
vanein the forest
vane:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootvana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसakaliṅga (Neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Saptamī vibhakti (Locative/सप्तमी), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)
vasatidwells; lives
vasati:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verbal action)
TypeVerb
Root√vas (धातु)
FormLaṭ-lakāra (Present/लट्), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person/प्रथमपुरुष), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
śādvaleon grassy ground; in a grassy place
śādvale:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootśādvala (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसakaliṅga (Neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Saptamī vibhakti (Locative/सप्तमी), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)

Chāyā

Tattva Level: pashu

C
Chāyā

FAQs

The verse highlights that divine tejas (spiritual radiance) can “burn away” ordinary identity; when the embodied state cannot endure it, one withdraws into solitude—symbolizing tapas and inner purification on the path where Pati (Śiva) transforms the pashu toward freedom.

Saguna Shiva’s presence is experienced as tejas that purifies limitations. Linga-worship centers the mind on that purifying radiance; the devotee learns reverence and steadiness rather than seeking merely outward beauty or comfort.

A practical takeaway is to cultivate endurance in japa of the Panchakshara (Om Namaḥ Śivāya) and quiet meditation in seclusion, letting Shiva’s tejas refine the mind; this pairs well with simple Shaiva observances like bhasma/tripundra and disciplined daily worship.