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Shloka 13

Saṃjñā–Chāyā Upākhyāna: Sūrya-tejas, Substitution, and the Birth of Manu, Yama, and Yamunā

संज्ञां तां तु रविर्मत्वा छायायां सुसुतं तदा । जनयामास सावर्णिं मनुं वै सविता किल

saṃjñāṃ tāṃ tu ravirmatvā chāyāyāṃ susutaṃ tadā | janayāmāsa sāvarṇiṃ manuṃ vai savitā kila

But Sūrya, taking her to be Saṁjñā, then begot upon Chāyā a noble son—indeed, Savitṛ generated Sāvarṇi Manu.

saṃjñāmSaṃjñā (name of a woman)
saṃjñām:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootsaṃjñā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
tāmher
tām:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; refers to saṃjñām
tubut/indeed
tu:
Vākyālaṅkāra (वाक्यालङ्कार/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formविरोध/अन्वयार्थक-अव्यय (particle: but/indeed)
raviḥRavi (the Sun)
raviḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootravi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
matvāthinking/considering
matvā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/absolutive)
TypeVerb
Rootman (मन् धातु) + ktvā
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्ययकृदन्त (absolutive), ‘having thought/considered’
chāyāyāmin Chāyā
chāyāyām:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootchāyā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
su-sutaman excellent son
su-sutam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootsu + suta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मधारय: सु-सुत (=अतिशयेन उत्तमः सुतः)
tadāthen
tadā:
Kālādhi karaṇa (काल-अधिकरण/Time)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadā (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb)
janayāmāsabegot/produced
janayāmāsa:
Kriyā (क्रिया/verb)
TypeVerb
Rootjan (जन् धातु) + ṇic (णिच् causative)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; णिजन्त (causative): ‘caused to be born/begot’
sāvarṇimSāvarṇi
sāvarṇim:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootsāvarṇi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; proper name epithet
manumManu
manum:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootmanu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; in apposition to sāvarṇim
vaiindeed
vai:
Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण/emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
Formनिश्चयार्थक-अव्यय (emphatic particle)
savitāSavitā (the Sun)
savitā:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootsavitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
kilait is said/indeed
kila:
Vākyālaṅkāra (वाक्यालङ्कार/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkila (अव्यय)
Formश्रुत्यर्थक/प्रसिद्ध्यर्थक-अव्यय (reportative particle)

Suta Goswami

Tattva Level: pasha

Role: creative

S
Surya (Ravi/Savita)
S
Sanjna
C
Chaya
S
Savarn i Manu

FAQs

It highlights how dharma and cosmic order continue through the Manu lineage—even when appearances (Chāyā as Saṁjñā) create confusion—showing that karmic outcomes unfold within Īśvara’s overarching governance.

Though the verse is genealogical, the Shiva Purana frames such lineages as part of Śiva’s regulated cosmos (niyati); devotion to Saguna Śiva (as Linga) aligns the devotee with that sustaining order beyond worldly entanglements like identity and illusion.

A practical takeaway is to steady the mind against भ्रम (misapprehension) through japa of the Panchakshara—“Om Namaḥ Śivāya”—and daily Tripuṇḍra (bhasma) remembrance of Śiva as the inner witness beyond changing forms.