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Shloka 55

Kālajñāna (Knowledge of Time) and Mṛtyu-cihna (Signs of Death): Śiva’s Instruction to Umā

यदा नवदिनं प्राणा वहंत्येव त्रिमासकम् । मासद्वयं च द्वे मासे दिना द्वादश कीर्तिताः

yadā navadinaṃ prāṇā vahaṃtyeva trimāsakam | māsadvayaṃ ca dve māse dinā dvādaśa kīrtitāḥ

When the vital breaths (prāṇas) are sustained for nine days, it is spoken of as equal to three months; and when they are sustained for two months, it is declared to be, in effect, twelve days.

yadāwhen
yadā:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyadā (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb)
nava-dinamfor nine days / nine-day period
nava-dinam:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootnava (प्रातिपदिक) + dina (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया/प्रथमा एकवचन (Neuter, Accusative/Nominative singular; used adverbially as duration)
prāṇāḥvital breaths / life-forces
prāṇāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootprāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन (Masculine, Nominative plural)
vahantiflow / proceed / carry on
vahanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vah (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन (Present indicative, 3rd person plural)
evaindeed / just
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formनिश्चयार्थक-अव्यय (emphatic particle)
tri-māsakama period of three months
tri-māsakam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottri (प्रातिपदिक) + māsaka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (Neuter, Accusative singular; object/measure)
māsa-dvayamtwo months
māsa-dvayam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmāsa (प्रातिपदिक) + dvaya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (Neuter, Nominative/Accusative singular)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
dvetwo
dve:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdvi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा द्विवचन (Feminine/Neuter, Nominative dual; numeral agreeing with māse)
māsein (the span of) two months
māse:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/सप्तमी द्विवचन (Masculine, Nominative/Locative dual; here as time-locative: 'in two months')
dināḥdays
dināḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdina (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन (Masculine, Nominative plural)
dvādaśatwelve
dvādaśa:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdvādaśa (प्रातिपदिक/अव्ययवत् संख्या)
Formसंख्यावाचक (numeral), अव्ययवत्/अविकारी; dināḥ इति विशेषणम् (indeclinable-like numeral modifying 'days')
kīrtitāḥare declared / are stated
kīrtitāḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√kīrt (धातु) + ta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगे विधेय (Masculine, Nom. plural; 'are said/declared')

Suta Goswami

Tattva Level: pasha

S
Shiva

FAQs

It teaches that disciplined mastery of prāṇa alters the seeker’s inner experience of time and effort—tapas becomes intensified—supporting the Shaiva aim of turning the mind from pāśa (bondage) toward Pati (Shiva).

In Shaiva practice, breath-discipline steadies attention so Linga worship becomes inward as well as outward—offering breath, mind, and awareness to Saguna Shiva, which then matures toward realization of Shiva as the inner Lord.

It points toward prāṇāyāma and steady retention/sustaining of prāṇa as a form of tapas, ideally joined with japa of the Panchākṣarī (Om Namaḥ Śivāya) and meditative focus on Shiva.