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Shloka 36

Arjuna’s Mantra-Empowerment and the Pāṇḍavas’ Separation (Śiva-rūpa through Mantra)

चरा ऊचुः । देवो वाऽथ ऋषिश्चैव सूर्यो वाथ विभावसुः । तपश्चरति देवेश न जानीमो वने च तम्

carā ūcuḥ | devo vā'tha ṛṣiścaiva sūryo vātha vibhāvasuḥ | tapaścarati deveśa na jānīmo vane ca tam

The spies said: “O Lord of gods, we do not know who that one is in the forest, performing austerities—whether he is a god, or a sage, or the Sun, or even Fire, Agni.”

चराःthe spies
चराः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootचर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
ऊचुःsaid
ऊचुः:
क्रिया (main verb)
TypeVerb
Root√वच् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन
देवःa god
देवः:
प्रत्यय/विकल्प्य (predicate option)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
वाor
वा:
अव्यय-सम्बन्ध (disjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक-अव्यय (disjunctive particle: or)
अथthen/else
अथ:
अव्यय-सम्बन्ध (particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ (अव्यय)
Formअनन्तर/प्रसङ्गार्थक-अव्यय (then/now)
ऋषिःa sage
ऋषिः:
प्रत्यय/विकल्प्य (predicate option)
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
and
:
अव्यय-सम्बन्ध (conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (and)
एवindeed
एव:
अव्यय-सम्बन्ध (particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (emphasis)
सूर्यःthe Sun
सूर्यः:
प्रत्यय/विकल्प्य (predicate option)
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
वाor
वा:
अव्यय-सम्बन्ध (disjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक-अव्यय (or)
अथor else
अथ:
अव्यय-सम्बन्ध (particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ (अव्यय)
Formविकल्प/अनन्तरार्थक-अव्यय (or else/then)
विभावसुःVibhāvasu (Fire)
विभावसुः:
प्रत्यय/विकल्प्य (predicate option)
TypeNoun
Rootविभावसु (प्रातिपदिक; अग्नि-पर्याय)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootतपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘चरति’ इत्यस्य कर्म
चरतिpractices, performs
चरति:
क्रिया (main verb)
TypeVerb
Root√चर् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन
देवेशO Lord of gods
देवेश:
सम्बोधन (Address/Vocative)
TypeNoun
Rootदेवेश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसम्बोधन-प्रयोग; पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन; देव + ईश (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘देवानाम् ईशः’)
not
:
अव्यय-सम्बन्ध (negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय (negation)
जानीमःwe know
जानीमः:
क्रिया (main verb)
TypeVerb
Root√ज्ञा (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), उत्तम-पुरुष (1st person), बहुवचन
वनेin the forest
वने:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/locative)
TypeNoun
Rootवन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (7th/Locative), एकवचन
and
:
अव्यय-सम्बन्ध (conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (and)
तम्him
तम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

The spies (carāḥ), reporting to a king/authority figure addressed as Deveśa

Tattva Level: pashu

Sthala Purana: The spies’ uncertainty (deva/ṛṣi/sūrya/agni?) underscores the ambiguity of tejas-manifestation; it is a recognition problem rather than a shrine-origin account.

Significance: Teaches discernment: extraordinary tapas and radiance can resemble deva-tejas, but Śiva’s presence may remain concealed until proper revelation (anugraha) occurs.

S
Surya
A
Agni
R
Rishi
D
Deva

FAQs

The verse highlights how the Supreme (often Shiva in the Shatarudra context) can remain unrecognized while manifesting through tapas; ordinary categories like deva, rishi, sun, or fire cannot fully define the transcendent Pati.

It reflects the Shiva Purana theme that Shiva may appear in concealed, approachable (saguna) ways—yet his true nature surpasses all forms; Linga-worship similarly honors Shiva as both manifest symbol and beyond-form reality.

The takeaway is reverence for tapas and disciplined sadhana—supported in Shaiva practice by japa of the Panchakshara (Om Namaḥ Śivāya) and contemplative meditation on Shiva as the inner Lord beyond all identifications.