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Shloka 42

Vaiśyanātha-avatāra-kathā

The Account of Śiva’s Manifestation as Vaiśyanātha

ततस्स वैश्यश्शिव एक एव प्रदक्षिणीकृत्य समिद्धमग्निम् । विवेश पश्यत्सु नरेषु धीरः सुकौतुकी संगतिभावमिच्छुः

tatassa vaiśyaśśiva eka eva pradakṣiṇīkṛtya samiddhamagnim | viveśa paśyatsu nareṣu dhīraḥ sukautukī saṃgatibhāvamicchuḥ

Then that vaiśya—steadfast and devoted to Śiva—alone circumambulated the well-kindled fire and, while men looked on, calmly entered it, eager in his heart to attain communion and closeness with Śiva.

ततःthen
ततः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, तदर्थक-प्रत्ययान्त (ablatival adverb), अर्थः—"then/thereupon"
सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
वैश्यःthe vaiśya (merchant)
वैश्यः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन
शिवःŚiva (name/epithet)
शिवः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootशिव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन; उपाधि/नाम
एकःalone/one
एकः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootएक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन
एवindeed/only
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, अवधारण-निपात (emphatic particle)
प्रदक्षिणी-कृत्यhaving circumambulated
प्रदक्षिणी-कृत्य:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रदक्षिणी (प्रातिपदिक) + √कृ (धातु) → कृत्य (कृदन्त, क्त्वा/ल्यप्)
Formल्यप्/क्त्वा-अर्थक अव्यय (absolutive/gerund), अर्थः—"having circumambulated"; क्रियाविशेषण
समिद्धम्kindled
समिद्धम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसम् + √इध् (धातु) → समिद्ध (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP), अग्निम् इति विशेषणम्
अग्निम्fire
अग्निम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन
विवेशentered
विवेश:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवि + √विश् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन
पश्यत्सुwhile (they) were watching
पश्यत्सु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण—सप्तमी-सम्बन्ध/locative absolute)
TypeVerb
Root√पश् (धातु) → पश्यत् (कृदन्त, शतृ)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), बहुवचन; शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकाले (present active participle) — "while (they) were seeing"
नरेषुamong men
नरेषु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण—सप्तमी-सम्बन्ध/locative absolute)
TypeNoun
Rootनर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), बहुवचन
धीरःsteadfast/brave
धीरः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootधीर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन; कर्तरि विशेषण
सु-कौतुकीvery curious
सु-कौतुकी:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसु (अव्यय/उपसर्ग) + कौतुकिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन; कर्मधारय: सु + कौतुकी (very curious/eager)
संगति-भावम्the state of union/association
संगति-भावम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootसंगति (प्रातिपदिक) + भाव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: संगतेः भावः (state of association/union)
इच्छुःdesiring
इच्छुः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Root√इष्/√इच्छ् (धातु) → इच्छु (कृदन्त, उ)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन; उ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (desiderative adjective): "desiring"

Suta Goswami

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Mahādeva

Significance: Depicts ekānta-bhakti culminating in self-surrender; the ‘saṅgati-bhāva’ (yearning for communion) aligns with the Siddhānta aim of Śiva-sāyujya through grace rather than mere ritual merit.

Role: liberating

S
Shiva

FAQs

It highlights unwavering Śiva-bhakti and the symbolism of inner sacrifice—offering the ego and fear into the fire of devotion—seeking nearness (saṅgati) to Pati (Śiva), the liberating Lord.

Circumambulation (pradakṣiṇā) is a core act in saguna worship—performed around the Liṅga or sacred fire—signifying that the devotee places Śiva at the center and turns one’s entire life around Him.

The verse points to pradakṣiṇā with focused mind and the spirit of self-offering; as a safe daily practice, one may do Liṅga-pradakṣiṇā while repeating the Pañcākṣarī mantra “Om Namaḥ Śivāya,” offering one’s limitations into Śiva’s grace.