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Shloka 51

दक्षयज्ञे सत्या अपमानबोधः — Satī Encounters Disrespect at Dakṣa’s Sacrifice

किंवा शिवाख्यमशिवं त्वदन्ये न विदुर्बुधाः । ब्रह्मादयस्तं मुनयस्सनकाद्यास्तथापरे

kiṃvā śivākhyamaśivaṃ tvadanye na vidurbudhāḥ | brahmādayastaṃ munayassanakādyāstathāpare

Or else, apart from You, even the wise do not truly know that One who is called Śiva—who is beyond all that is inauspicious. Brahmā and the other gods, the sages, and even Sanaka and the rest likewise (do not fully know Him).

किम्why? / what?
किम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रश्नार्थक अव्यय (interrogative particle)
वाor
वा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक अव्यय (disjunctive/alternative particle)
शिवाख्यम्named ‘Śiva’
शिवाख्यम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootशिव + आख्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुषसमास (शिव इति आख्या यस्य), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (of अशिवम्)
अशिवम्inauspiciousness / the non-auspicious (one)
अशिवम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअशिव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
त्वत्than you / from you
त्वत्:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootत्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
अन्येothers
अन्ये:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
not
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक अव्यय (negation)
विदुःknow
विदुः:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
बुधाःthe wise
बुधाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootबुध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
ब्रह्मादयःBrahmā and others
ब्रह्मादयः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन् + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुषसमास (ब्रह्मा आदिः येषाम्), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
तम्him
तम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
मुनयःsages
मुनयः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
सनकाद्याःSanaka and others
सनकाद्याः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसनक + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुषसमास (सनकः आदिः येषाम्), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
तथाlikewise
तथा:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formप्रकारवाचक अव्यय (adverb: ‘thus/likewise’)
अपरेothers (also)
अपरे:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअपर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

Sati (addressing Lord Shiva)

Tattva Level: pati

Shiva Form: Sadāśiva

Significance: Establishes Śiva’s transcendence beyond full comprehension even by Brahmā, devas, and ṛṣis; encourages humility and reliance on Śiva’s revelation/grace rather than mere intellect.

Type: stotra

Shakti Form: Satī

Role: teaching

S
Shiva
B
Brahma
S
Sanaka

FAQs

It declares Śiva as the supreme Pati (Lord) whose true nature transcends ordinary knowledge—so much so that even Brahmā and exalted sages cannot grasp Him fully; only grace-filled devotion and right understanding lead toward liberation.

By stating that Shiva is beyond full conceptual knowing, the verse supports approaching Him through accessible sacred forms—especially the Śiva-liṅga—where the transcendent (nirguṇa) is worshipped through a manifest focus (saguṇa) for steadiness of bhakti and dhyāna.

A practical takeaway is japa of the Pañcākṣarī (“Om Namaḥ Śivāya”) with contemplative bhāva that Śiva is ‘aśiva’—beyond all inauspiciousness—supported by Śaiva marks like tripuṇḍra-bhasma and rudrākṣa as aids to remembrance.