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Shloka 45

Niṣādasya Bhillasya Itihāsaḥ — Śivarātri-vrata-prabhāvaḥ

The Hunter’s Account and the Efficacy of the Śivarātri Observance

परिणीता स्त्रियं हित्वा गच्छत्यन्यां च यः पुमान् । वेदधर्मं समुल्लंघ्य कल्पितेन च यो व्रजेत्

pariṇītā striyaṃ hitvā gacchatyanyāṃ ca yaḥ pumān | vedadharmaṃ samullaṃghya kalpitena ca yo vrajet

That man who abandons his lawfully wedded wife and goes to another woman, and who—overstepping the Vedic rule of dharma—acts by notions of his own making, strays from the ordained path and falls into adharma.

pariṇītām(a) married (wife)
pariṇītām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootpariṇītā (कृदन्त/PPP from √nī ‘नी’ with pari- upasarga)
FormStrīliṅga (f.), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Accusative/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (singular); past passive participle (क्त) used adjectivally qualifying ‘striyam’
striyamwoman; wife
striyam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootstrī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (f.), Dvitīyā (Acc.), Ekavacana
hitvāhaving abandoned
hitvā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण; prior action)
TypeVerb
Root√hā (धाातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), ‘having abandoned’
gacchatigoes
gacchati:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√gam (धातु)
FormLaṭ lakāra (Present/लट्), Prathama puruṣa (3rd person/प्रथम), Ekavacana
anyāmanother (woman)
anyām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootanya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (f.), Dvitīyā (Acc.), Ekavacana; pronoun/adjective used substantively ‘another (woman)’
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction/समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय
yaḥwho
yaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (m.), Prathamā (Nom.), Ekavacana; relative pronoun
pumāna man
pumān:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpumān (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (m.), Prathamā (Nom.), Ekavacana
vedadharmamVedic duty/law
vedadharmam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootveda + dharma (प्रातिपदिके)
FormPuṃliṅga (m.), Dvitīyā (Acc.), Ekavacana; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive determinative): ‘vedasya dharmaḥ’ → ‘vedadharmaḥ’
samullaṅghyahaving transgressed
samullaṅghya:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण; prior action)
TypeVerb
Rootsam + ud + √laṅgh (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्), ‘having transgressed/overstepped’
kalpitenaby a contrived (means); by an invented (pretext)
kalpitena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootkalpita (कृदन्त/PPP from √kḷp ‘कॢप्’)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग (n.) or Puṃliṅga (m.) instrumental singular; here Instrumental (तृतीया) Ekavacana; PPP used substantively ‘by/with something contrived/imagined’
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction/समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय
yaḥwho
yaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (m.), Prathamā (Nom.), Ekavacana; relative pronoun (introducing second clause)
vrajetshould go; would go
vrajet:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vraj (धातु)
FormVidhi-liṅ (Optative/विधिलिङ्), Prathama puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana

Suta Goswami

Tattva Level: pasha

Shiva Form: Īśāna

Sthala Purana: Not a Jyotirliṅga passage; it is a dharma-śāstric admonition within Purāṇic narration: marital fidelity and Veda-grounded conduct are presented as safeguards against karmic bondage.

Significance: Frames ethical discipline (niyama) as integral to Śiva-bhakti; adharma in household life undermines spiritual progress and merit.

S
Shiva

FAQs

It teaches that ethical restraint and adherence to Vedic dharma are foundations for Shaiva sadhana; violating marital duty and acting on self-invented “rules” strengthens pasha (bondage) and obstructs grace and liberation.

Linga-worship is not merely external ritual; Saguna Shiva is pleased by purity of conduct and dharmic living. This verse frames worship as effective when supported by self-control and fidelity, aligning the devotee’s life with Shiva’s order (ṛta/dharma).

The implied takeaway is purification through dharmic vows and disciplined worship—regular japa of the Panchakshara (Om Namaḥ Śivāya), wearing rudraksha and applying tripundra with sincerity—while avoiding conduct that breaks Vedic restraints.