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Shloka 43

Niṣādasya Bhillasya Itihāsaḥ — Śivarātri-vrata-prabhāvaḥ

The Hunter’s Account and the Efficacy of the Śivarātri Observance

व्याध उवाच । त्वया चोक्तं न मन्येहं हन्मि त्वां नात्र संशयः । तच्छुत्वा हरिणी प्राह शपथं कुर्वती हरे

vyādha uvāca | tvayā coktaṃ na manyehaṃ hanmi tvāṃ nātra saṃśayaḥ | tacchutvā hariṇī prāha śapathaṃ kurvatī hare

The hunter said: “I do not accept what you have said. I will kill you—of this there is no doubt.” Hearing that, the doe spoke, making a solemn oath: “O hunter.”

vyādhaḥthe hunter
vyādhaḥ:
Kartā (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvyādha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
FormLiṭ (लिट्, Perfect), Parasmaipada, 3rd Person, Singular; from √vac (वच्) ‘said’
tvayāby you
tvayā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootyuṣmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormInstrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular; ‘by you’
caand
ca:
Sambandha (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चय)
uktam(what was) said
uktam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvac (धातु) + ukta (कृदन्त)
FormPast passive participle (क्त) ‘said/spoken’; Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular; here as object-content ‘what is said’
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेध-निपात)
manyeI think
manye:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootman (धातु)
FormLaṭ (Present), Ātmanepada, 1st Person, Singular; from √man (मन्) ‘think/consider’
ahamI
aham:
Kartā (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNominative, Singular
hanmiI kill / I will kill
hanmi:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Roothan (धातु)
FormLaṭ (Present), Parasmaipada, 1st Person, Singular; from √han (हन्) ‘kill’
tvāmyou
tvām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootyuṣmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormAccusative, Singular
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle
atrahere; in this
atra:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatra (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (देशवाचक अव्यय) ‘here/in this matter’
saṃśayaḥdoubt
saṃśayaḥ:
Kartā (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsaṃśaya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
tatthat
tat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular; ‘that’ (statement/event)
śrutvāhaving heard
śrutvā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषणम्)
TypeVerb
Rootśru (धातु) + ktvā (कृदन्त)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), from √śru (श्रु) ‘having heard’
hariṇīthe doe
hariṇī:
Kartā (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roothariṇī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative, Singular
prāhasaid
prāha:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootah (धातु)
FormLiṭ (Perfect), Parasmaipada, 3rd Person, Singular; from √ah (अह्) ‘said’
śapathaman oath
śapatham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootśapatha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
kurvatīmaking (taking)
kurvatī:
Kartā (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootkṛ (धातु) + śatṛ (कृदन्त)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Feminine, Nominative, Singular; from √kṛ (कृ) ‘doing/making’
hareO hare / O hunter (vocative)
hare:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Roothari (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular; address ‘O hunter/foe’ (contextual)

Vyadha (the hunter)

Tattva Level: pasha

Shiva Form: Bhairava

Sthala Purana: Not a Jyotirliṅga account; functions as a moral-testing scene where cruelty/violence and disbelief become the ‘bondage’ (pāśa) that obscures discernment.

Significance: Didactic warning: hostility toward dharma and refusal to honor truthful speech blocks spiritual merit and invites downfall.

FAQs

It highlights the clash between cruelty and dharma: the hunter’s hardened resolve becomes the backdrop for a transformation where truth, oath, and compassion can awaken higher conduct—an inner shift that Shaiva tradition links to grace (anugraha) and purification of karma.

Though the verse is narrative, it supports Saguna Shiva worship indirectly: Shiva Purana stories often use human conflict to reveal Shiva’s compassionate governance of dharma, guiding beings from violence toward restraint—qualities cultivated through Linga worship, devotion, and repentance.

The immediate takeaway is ahiṃsā and self-restraint; as a Shaiva practice, one may reinforce this with japa of the Pañcākṣarī mantra “Om Namaḥ Śivāya” and a vow of non-harm, especially during vrata days such as Mahāśivarātri.