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Shloka 1

Niṣādasya Bhillasya Itihāsaḥ — Śivarātri-vrata-prabhāvaḥ

The Hunter’s Account and the Efficacy of the Śivarātri Observance

ऋषय ऊचुः । सूत ते वचनं श्रुत्वा परानन्दं वयं गताः । विस्तरात्कथय प्रीत्या तदेव व्रतमुत्तमम्

ṛṣaya ūcuḥ | sūta te vacanaṃ śrutvā parānandaṃ vayaṃ gatāḥ | vistarātkathaya prītyā tadeva vratamuttamam

The sages said: “O Sūta, on hearing your words we have attained supreme bliss. Please, out of affection, narrate in detail that very excellent vow—this highest observance (vrata).”

ऋषयःthe sages
ऋषयः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
ऊचुःsaid
ऊचुः:
Kriyā (क्रिया; speech)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
सूतO Sūta
सूत:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootसूत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन
तेyour
ते:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; ‘your’
वचनम्words / statement
वचनम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootवचन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
श्रुत्वाhaving heard
श्रुत्वा:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण; prior action)
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु (धातु) + त्वा (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्ययकृदन्त (Gerund/Absolutive), पूर्वक्रिया
परानन्दम्supreme bliss
परानन्दम्:
Karma (कर्म; ‘attained’)
TypeNoun
Rootपर + आनन्द (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मधारय (परः आनन्दः)
वयम्we
वयम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘we’
गताःhave attained / have gone to
गताः:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु) → गत (क्त-प्रत्यय)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; कर्तरि प्रयोगे ‘have gone/attained’
विस्तरात्in detail
विस्तरात्:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण; manner)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविस्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; अव्ययीभावार्थे ‘in detail’ (ablative used adverbially)
कथयtell / narrate
कथय:
Kriyā (क्रिया; command)
TypeVerb
Rootकथ् (धातु) + णिच् (causative) → कथय
Formलोट्-लकार (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; णिजन्त (causative) ‘tell’
प्रीत्याwith affection
प्रीत्या:
Karaṇa (करण; manner/instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रीति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; हेतौ/भावे (with affection)
तत्that
तत्:
Karma (कर्म; object of कथय)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; demonstrative pronoun
एवindeed / exactly
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधारण (restrictive particle) = ‘only/indeed’
व्रतम्vow
व्रतम्:
Karma (कर्म; apposition to तत्)
TypeNoun
Rootव्रत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
उत्तमम्excellent / best
उत्तमम्:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (of व्रतम्)

The sages (Ṛṣis) of Naimiṣāraṇya

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Mahādeva

Significance: Frames the Śivarātri-vrata as a grace-bearing discipline that yields ‘parānanda’ (supreme bliss) even at the level of śravaṇa; encourages deeper engagement with the observance’s narrative and procedure.

S
Suta Goswami

FAQs

It shows the proper disciple-attitude in Shaiva tradition: hearing (śravaṇa) Shiva-kathā from an authentic narrator brings inner joy, and the sages then seek detailed guidance on the “uttama vrata,” implying that disciplined devotion is a direct aid to purification and liberation.

In the Kotirudrasaṃhitā context—centered on Jyotirliṅga glory—the request for the “best vow” typically points toward vrata-based Saguna worship (Liṅga-upāsanā) done with faith, rules, and reverence, leading the mind toward Shiva as Pati (the Lord).

The verse directly recommends attentive listening to Shiva Purana narration and undertaking a prescribed Shiva-vrata with devotion; in practice this commonly pairs with japa of the Panchākṣarī (Om Namaḥ Śivāya) and regulated worship of the Liṅga as taught in the Purana.