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Shloka 19

अत्रीश्वरमाहात्म्यवर्णनम् (Atrīśvara-māhātmya-varṇanam) — “Account of the Greatness of Atrīśvara”

अहो नित्यं जलं यच्च पीयते तज्जलं न हि । विचार्येति च तेनाशु परितश्चावलोकितम्

aho nityaṃ jalaṃ yacca pīyate tajjalaṃ na hi | vicāryeti ca tenāśu paritaścāvalokitam

“Alas! That which is drunk every day as ‘water’ is not truly water at all.” Thinking thus, he quickly looked all around to discern the truth.

अहोalas!/oh!
अहो:
Sambodhana/Exclamation (सम्बोधन/विस्मय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअहो (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; विस्मयादिबोधक-निपात (interjection/particle)
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभावेन क्रियाविशेषणरूपेण; नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनरूपं (adverbial accusative)
जलम्water
जलम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootजल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (Nominative Singular)
यत्which
यत्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (relative pronoun)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
पीयतेis drunk
पीयते:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootपा (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार, कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
तत्that
तत्:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (demonstrative; qualifies जलम्)
जलम्water
जलम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootजल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (Nominative Singular)
not
:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय (negation particle)
हिindeed
हि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात; हेत्वर्थ/निश्चयार्थ (emphatic particle)
विचार्यhaving considered
विचार्य:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवि-चर् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund/absolutive), परस्मैपदी; ‘having reflected/considered’
इतिthus
इति:
Vākyārtha-sūcaka (वाक्यार्थसूचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formइत्यादि-उक्त्यर्थक-अव्यय (quotative particle)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
तेनby him/thereby
तेन:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया एकवचन (Instrumental Singular)
आशुquickly
आशु:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआशु (अव्यय)
Formक्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (adverb)
परितःall around
परितः:
Deśa-adhikaraṇa (देश-अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरितः (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
अवलोकितम्was observed/looked at
अवलोकितम्:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअव-लोक् (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; कर्मणि भावः (it was looked at)

Suta Goswami (narrating the Kotirudra Samhita account to the sages of Naimisharanya)

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Dakṣiṇāmūrti

Role: teaching

Cosmic Event: drought as a loka-upadrava (worldly affliction) prompting discernment

S
Shiva

FAQs

The verse highlights viveka—discerning reality from appearance. In a Shaiva Siddhanta lens, ordinary experience can be tainted by mala (impurity); recognizing “this is not truly pure” becomes the turning point that drives one to seek Shiva’s grace and genuine purification.

It implies that external substances and habits are not sufficient by themselves; what sanctifies is contact with Shiva through right devotion. Linga-worship (Saguna Shiva) trains the mind to shift from casual, unconscious living to conscious, reverent perception—seeking the truly purifying presence of Shiva.

A practical takeaway is mindful purification: before japa or puja, examine one’s surroundings and inner state, then perform achamana and japa of the Panchakshara (“Om Namah Shivaya”) with a deliberate intent for inner cleansing; if available, apply Tripundra (bhasma) as a reminder of Shiva-centered awareness.