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Shloka 31

ज्योतिर्लिङ्गमाहात्म्य-प्रस्तावना तथा सोमनाथ-प्रसङ्गः

Prologue to the Glory and Origin of the Jyotirliṅgas; Somnātha Episode Begins

एवंविधानि चन्द्रस्य दुश्चारित्राण्यनेकशः । वर्ण्यंते किं पुनस्तानि सोऽद्यापि कुरुते कथम्

evaṃvidhāni candrasya duścāritrāṇyanekaśaḥ | varṇyaṃte kiṃ punastāni so'dyāpi kurute katham

Many kinds of the Moon’s misconduct are spoken of again and again. If that is so, how indeed could he still be doing those very deeds even today?

एवंविधानिsuch kinds (of)
एवंविधानि:
विशेषण (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootएवं + विधान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समास; प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), बहुवचन (Plural), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter)
चन्द्रस्यof the Moon (Candra)
चन्द्रस्य:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootचन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन (Singular), पुल्लिङ्ग (Masculine)
दुश्चरित्राणिbad deeds/misconducts
दुश्चरित्राणि:
कर्म (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootदुस् + चरित्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (उपपद/उपसर्गपूर्वक); प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), बहुवचन (Plural), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter)
अनेकशःmany times/in many ways
अनेकशः:
क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअनेकशः (अव्यय)
Formप्रकार/बहुत्व-अव्यय (adverb: ‘in many ways/many times’)
वर्ण्यन्तेare described
वर्ण्यन्ते:
क्रिया (Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootवर्ण् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (Plural), आत्मनेपद (Ātmanepada), कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive sense)
किम्what?
किम्:
प्रश्न (Interrogative)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन (Singular), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter); प्रश्नार्थक (interrogative)
पुनःagain/further
पुनः:
क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः (अव्यय)
Formपुनरावृत्ति-अव्यय (adverb)
तानिthose (things/deeds)
तानि:
कर्म (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), बहुवचन (Plural), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter)
सःhe
सः:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular), पुल्लिङ्ग (Masculine)
अद्यापिeven today/still
अद्यापि:
क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य + अपि (अव्यय)
Formअव्ययीभाव-समास; काल-अव्यय (adverb: ‘even today/still now’)
कुरुतेdoes
कुरुते:
क्रिया (Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), आत्मनेपद (Ātmanepada)
कथम्how?
कथम्:
क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम् (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्नार्थक-अव्यय (interrogative adverb)

Suta Goswami

Tattva Level: pasha

Shiva Form: Mahadeva

C
Chandra

FAQs

The verse highlights discernment (viveka): repeated accounts of wrongdoing are not meant for gossip but to awaken dharmic clarity—karma has consequences, and lasting peace comes by aligning conduct with Shiva-centered dharma.

In Kotirudrasaṃhitā, narratives around celestial beings often point back to Shiva as the supreme refuge (Pati). When conduct becomes unstable, the corrective is surrender and right practice—approaching Saguna Shiva (Linga) for purification and steadiness.

A practical takeaway is self-restraint supported by Shiva-upāsanā: daily japa of the Pañcākṣarī (“Om Namaḥ Śivāya”) with a resolve to abandon harmful habits, along with simple purification disciplines such as Tripuṇḍra (bhasma) and mindful conduct.