Rig Veda 9.97.57: Mandala 9, Sukta 97, Mantra 57

Sukta 9.97

Devata: Soma Pavamāna (Indu)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

इन्दुं रिहन्ति महिषा अदब्धाः पदे रेभन्ति कवयो न गृध्राः । हिन्वन्ति धीरा दशभिः क्षिपाभिः समञ्जते रूपमपां रसेन ॥

Transliteration

índuṃ rihanti mahiṣā́ adabdhāḥ padé rebhanti kaváyo ná gṛ́dhrāḥ | hinvánti dhī́rā daśábhiḥ kṣípābhiḥ sám añjate rū́pam apā́ṃ rásena ||

Translation

The strong, unbetrayed powers lick up the bright Indu; the seers cry out at the step like eager birds of vision. The steadfast ones impel him with ten swift strokes; they anoint his form with the sap of the waters.

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Word by Word

• इन्दुम्: the Soma-drop (Indu)
• इन्दुम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्दु- (प्रातिपदिक)

• रिहन्ति: they lick / lap
• रिहन्ति: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √रिह् (रिहति) ‘लिह्/रिह्—lick, lap’

• महिषाः: bulls (strong ones)
• महिषाः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: महिष- (प्रातिपदिक)

• अदब्धाः: unbeguiled, unhurt
• अदब्धाः: कर्तृ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-दब्ध- (दब्ध ‘deceived/overpowered’ < √दभ्)

• पदे: in/at the track, in the place
• पदे: अधिकारण
• Type: Noun
• Root: पद- (प्रातिपदिक)

• रेभन्ति: they roar / resound
• रेभन्ति: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √रेभ् (रेभते/रेभति) ‘make a sound, murmur/roar’

• कवयः: poets, seers
• कवयः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: कवि- (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: like, as
• न: (सम्बन्ध/उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (उपमा-निपात)

• गृध्राः: vultures
• गृध्राः: कर्तृ (उपमान-कर्तृ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गृध्र- (प्रातिपदिक)

• हिन्वन्ति: they impel, drive on
• हिन्वन्ति: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √हिव्/√हिन् (हिनोति) ‘impel, set in motion’

• धीराः: the wise (men)
• धीराः: कर्तृ
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: धीरा- (प्रातिपदिक) < धीर ‘wise/steadfast’

• दशभिः: with ten
• दशभिः: करण
• Type: Numeral
• Root: दशन्- (संख्याशब्द)

• क्षिपाभिः: with (ten) throws/casts; with ten ‘scoops/handfuls’
• क्षिपाभिः: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षिपा- (प्रातिपदिक) < √क्षिप् ‘throw, cast’ (instrument-name)

• समञ्जते: they anoint/adorn (themselves/it)
• समञ्जते: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अञ्ज् (अञ्जते) ‘anoint, smear, adorn’ + सम्

• रूपम्: form, appearance
• रूपम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: रूप- (प्रातिपदिक)

• अपाम्: of the waters
• अपाम्: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप्- (प्रातिपदिक) ‘water’

• रसेन: with juice/essence (sap)
• रसेन: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: रस- (प्रातिपदिक)