Mantra 20
Sukta 9.61
Rishi: Traditionally attributed within the Pavamāna Soma corpus (RV 9) to Soma-pavamāna seers; specific ṛṣi for 9.61 is transmitted in Anukramaṇī traditions (commonly within the Kaśyapa/others pavamāna attributions), but not recoverable from the provided input alone.
Devata: Soma Pavamāna (with Indraic/Vṛtra-slaying attributes applied to Soma)
Chandas: Jagatī (typical for many RV 9 stanzas; exact meter should be verified against pada syllable count)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
जघ्निर्वृत्रममित्रियं सस्निर्वाजं दिवेदिवे । गोषा उ अश्वसा असि ॥
Samhita Patha (IAST)
जघ्नि॑र्वृ॒त्रम॑मि॒त्रियं॒ सस्नि॒र्वाजं॑ दि॒वेदि॑वे । गो॒षा उ॑ अश्व॒सा अ॑सि ॥
Transliteration
jághnir vṛtrám amitríyaṃ sásni r vā́jaṃ divédive | goṣā́ u aśvasā́ asi ||
Translation
You are the slayer of the obstructer and the hostile force; you win the plenitude of power day by day. You are a giver of rays (cows) and a giver of swift energies (horses).
Padapatha (Word Analysis)
जघ्निः॑ । वृ॒त्रम् । अ॒मि॒त्रिय॑म् । सस्निः॑ । वाज॑म् । दि॒वेऽदि॑वे । गो॒ऽसाः । ऊँ॒ इति॑ । अ॒श्व॒ऽसाः । अ॒सि॒ ॥जघ्निः । वृत्रम् । अमित्रियम् । सस्निः । वाजम् । दिवेदिवे । गोसाः । ऊँ इति । अश्वसाः । असि ॥jaghniḥ | vṛtram | amitriyam | sasniḥ | vājam | dive-dive | go-sāḥ | oṃ iti | aśva-sāḥ | asi
Word by Word
जघ्निःhe has slain
जघ्निः:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (√हन्)
वृत्रम्Vṛtra (the obstructor)
वृत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
अमित्रियम्hostile, of the foe
अमित्रियम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअमित्रिय (प्रातिपदिक; from अमित्र ‘enemy’)
सस्निःhe has won
सस्निः:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootसन्/सस् (√सन्/√सस् ‘to win, gain’ in Vedic perfect formation)
वाजम्prize; strength; victory
वाजम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाज (प्रातिपदिक)
दिवे-दिवेday by day
दिवे-दिवे:
Adhikaraṇa (temporal) / purpose-like dative
TypeNoun (reduplicated distributive) / Adverbial use
Rootदिव्/द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक: दिव ‘day’)
गोषाःwinner of cows; giver of cattle
गोषाः:
Kartā (predicate nominative to असि)
TypeNoun (agent/possessor sense) / Epithet
Rootगो-षा (प्रातिपदिक; ‘winning cows/wealth in cows’)
उindeed; and
उ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउ (निपात)
अश्वसाःwinner of horses
अश्वसाः:
Kartā (predicate nominative to असि)
TypeNoun (agent/possessor sense) / Epithet
Rootअश्व-सा (प्रातिपदिक; ‘winning horses/wealth in horses’)
असिyou are
असि:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (√अस्)